Index Mf-Mn

Mfume

Mfume, Kweisi, original name Frizzell Gray (b. Oct. 24, 1948, Baltimore, Md.), U.S. politician. By his own account, he had a vision of a golden cloud of light on a street corner in West Baltimore in 1972, which helped him turn his previously desperate life around; for his new self he adopted the name Kweisi Mfume, an African name said to mean "conquering son of kings." In 1979 he was elected to the Baltimore City Council, and in 1986 to the U.S. House of Representatives where - as a member of the Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs committee - he was active in housing, welfare reform, and environmental legislation. He became chairman of the influential Congressional Black Caucus in 1992. Mfume left his congressional seat in February 1996 to become chief executive of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). The post had been vacant for two years following the dismissal of Benjamin Chavis. Mfume pledged to restore strict financial controls to the organization, to improve its management and fundraising operations, and to reverse the decline in membership. He succeeded in bringing the NAACP out of a $3.2 million debt and restoring its reputation. Under his leadership, the organization began pushing for more minority representation at the top levels of the sports, entertainment, and media industries. He announced his resignation on Nov. 30, 2004 (effective Jan. 1, 2005). In 2006 he sought the Democratic nomination for senator from Maryland, but lost to Ben Cardin. He was elected to the House again in a special election in 2020 following the death of Rep. Elijah Cummings.

Mfumukeko, Libérat (b. 1964, Bujumbura, Burundi), secretary-general of the East African Community (2016-21).

Mgaloblishvili, German (Andreyevich) (d. 1937), chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Georgian S.S.R. (1931-37).

Grigol Mgaloblishvili
Mgaloblishvili, Grigol (Zurab dze), byname Gega Mgaloblishvili (b. Oct. 7, 1973, Tbilisi, Georgian S.S.R.), prime minister of Georgia (2008-09). He was ambassador to Turkey in 2004-08.

Mgaloblishvili, Levan (b. Sept. 18, 1977, Sukhumi, Abkhaz A.S.S.R., Georgian S.S.R.), prime minister of Abkhazia (pro-Georgian government; 2024-25).

Mgeladze, Akaki (Ivanovich) (b. 1910, Melekeduri, Kutaisi province, Russia [now in Georgia] - d. 1980), first secretary of the Communist Party of the Georgian S.S.R. (1952-53). He was also first secretary of the party committees of the Abkhaz A.S.S.R. (1943-51) and Kutaisi oblast (1951-52).

Mgimwa, William (Augustao) (b. Jan. 20, 1950, Kalenga, Tanganyika [now in Tanzania] - d. Jan. 1, 2014, Pretoria, South Africa), finance minister of Tanzania (2012-14).

M'Hammedi, Driss (b. March 30, 1912, Fès, Morocco - d. March 9, 1969, Paris, France), interior minister (1956-58, 1958-60) and foreign minister (1960-61) of Morocco. He was also director-general of the royal cabinet (1965-69).

M'hedhbi, Béchir (b. Feb. 24, 1912, Hajeb El Ayoun, Tunisia - d. ...), defense minister of Tunisia (1971-72). He was also ambassador to Lebanon (1966-70), Jordan (1967-70), the United Kingdom (1972-74), and Morocco (1974-76).

M'henni, Hédi (b. Dec. 24, 1942, Sayada, Tunisia - d. July 9, 2024), interior minister (2002-04) and defense minister (2004-05) of Tunisia. He was also minister of public health (1992-2001) and social affairs (2001-02).

Mhindi, Abdou Mohamed, also spelled Mindhi, prime minister of Anjouan (1998).

Mhinga
Mhinga, Edward (Percy Piet) (b. Dec. 5, 1927 - d. Sept. 2, 2017, Polokwane, South Africa), acting chief minister of Gazankulu (1993). He was speaker of parliament (1973-78) and education minister (1979-94) of Gazankulu.

Mhlaba
Mhlaba, Raymond (M. Phakamisa) (b. Feb. 12, 1920, Kwamazoka village, Fort Beaufort district, Cape province [now in Eastern Cape], South Africa - d. Feb. 20, 2005, Port Elizabeth [now Gqeberha], Eastern Cape), premier of Eastern Cape (1994-97). In 1943, he joined the Communist Party, which was banned in 1950. He also joined the African National Congress in 1944. After the ANC was banned in 1960, he fled to China for military training. He returned to South Africa in 1962 and became commander of Umkhonto we Sizwe, the military wing of the ANC. He was arrested in a sweep by security forces on the ANC's underground headquarters at a farm in Rivonia in northern Johannesburg in 1963. Nelson Mandela, Mhlaba, and six others including Govan Mbeki, the father of future president Thabo Mbeki, stood trial for sabotage and conspiracy to overthrow the government. In June 1964 they were sentenced to life in prison and sent to Robben Island, the notorious prison on a remote island near Cape Town. Together with other Rivonia defendants, Mhlaba was released in 1989. When the ANC swept to power in the first democratic multiracial elections in 1994, "Oom Ray," as he was widely known, became premier of the newly created province of the Eastern Cape. He resigned in 1997 for health reasons and subsequently was high commissioner to Uganda and ambassador to Rwanda and Burundi until 2001.

Mhlanga
Mhlanga, Vincent (d. Dec. 24, 2020), acting prime minister of Eswatini (2018). He was also regional administrator of Shiselweni (2018-20).

Mhleko, Joel Musa (b. April 2, 1948), acting foreign minister of Eswatini (2018). He was also permanent representative to the United Nations (2008-10) and ambassador to Belgium (2010-17).

Mhura, Necton (Darlington) (b. Feb. 6, 1957 - d. Feb. 19, 2018, New Jersey), Malawian diplomat. He was ambassador to the United States, Canada, Mexico, Cuba, and The Bahamas (2015-16) and permanent representative to the United Nations (2016-18).

Mi Zhenbiao (b. 1860, Qingjian, Shaanxi, China - d. July 20, 1929), governor of Rehe (1924). He was a general of the Yi Jun (Army of Perseverance, led by Jiang Guiti) in Rehe region. He was a vice-governor of Rehe after the founding of the republic. After Jiang Guiti's death in 1922, he turned to Duan Qirui but later switched to Cao Kun, and then in 1924 to Feng Yuxiang, who named him vice-governor of Henan (under Hu Jingyi).

Mia, (Mohammed) Sidik (b. 1965, Makande, Chikwawa district, Malawi - d. Jan. 12, 2021), defense minister of Malawi (2009-10). He was also minister of irrigation and water development (2005-09) and transport and public works (2010-14, 2020-21).

Miadana, Victor (b. July 21, 1920, Ambodimandresy, Madagascar), finance minister (1963-72) and a vice president (1970-72) of Madagascar.

Miaja Menant, José (b. April 20, 1878, Oviedo, Spain - d. Jan. 13, 1958, Mexico City, Mexico), war minister (1936) and president of the National Council of Defense (1939) of Spain.

Miákits, Ferenc (b. April 7, 1876, Érd, Hungary - d. May 17, 1924, Budapest, Hungary), finance minister of Hungary (1919).

Miao Wei (b. May 1955), Chinese politician. He was secretary of the Communist Party committee of Wuhan (2005-08) and minister of industry and information technology (2010-20).

Miaoulis, Andreas (Dimitriou) (b. 1869 - d. 1935), Greek politician; son of Dimitrios Miaoulis. He was minister of marine (1910).

Miaoulis, Athanasios (Andreou) (b. 1815, Hydra, Ottoman Empire [now in Greece] - d. May 1867, Paris, France), prime minister of Greece (1857-62). He was also minister of marine (1855-62) and ecclesiastical affairs and public education (provisional, 1855).

Miaoulis, Athanasios (Nikolaou) (b. 1868 - d. 1932), Greek politician; nephew of Dimitrios Miaoulis. He was minister of marine (1909, 1914-15, 1915, 1919-20, 1924-25).

Miaoulis, Dimitrios (Dimitriou) (b. 1836 - d. 1899), Greek politician; nephew of Athanasios (Andreou) Miaoulis. He was minister of marine (1886, 1898-99).

Mibenge, Benjamin (Ndabila) (b. June 22, 1942 - d. Dec. 8, 2020), foreign minister of Zambia (1990-91). He was also high commissioner to Canada (1981-85).

Micallef, Daniel (b. June 8, 1928, Rabat, Malta - d. Dec. 9, 2022, Rabat), Maltese politician. He was speaker of the House of Representatives (1982-86), minister of education and environment (1986-87), and ambassador to the Vatican (1997-99).

Micallef, Glenn (b. 1989), Maltese politician. He has been European commissioner for intergenerational fairness, youth, culture, and sport (2024- ).

Miceli, Felisa (Josefina) (b. Sept. 26, 1952, Luján, Buenos Aires province, Argentina), economy minister of Argentina (2005-07). She was president of the state-owned Banco de la Nación, Argentina's largest bank, in 2003-05. She resigned as minister in 2007 as prosecutors stepped up an investigation into a bag of cash found in her ministry offices. She said the funds (over $60,000) were a loan from her brother for a personal real estate transaction.

Micha Ondo Bile, Pastor (b. Dec. 2, 1952, Nsinik-Esawong, Spanish Guinea [now Equatorial Guinea]), foreign minister of Equatorial Guinea (2003-12). He has also been permanent representative to the United Nations (1995-2000), ambassador to the United States (1995-2000) and Spain (2000-03), and minister of trade and the promotion of small and medium-sized businesses (2018- ).

A. Michael
Michael, Alun (b. Aug. 22, 1943, Bryngwran, Ynys Môn, Wales), first secretary of Wales (1999-2000). He was a Cardiff city councillor from 1973 to 1989. As Labour MP for Cardiff South and Penarth from 1987, he was opposition whip (1987-88) and opposition spokesperson on Welsh affairs (1987-92) and home affairs (1992-97). He was appointed deputy to the home secretary in 1997 and secretary of state for Wales in 1998. When the Welsh National Assembly was created in 1999, he became the first First Secretary.

Michael, Ken(neth Comninos) (b. 1938, Perth, Western Australia), governor of Western Australia (2006-11).

Michaelis
Michaelis, Georg (b. Sept. 8, 1857, Haynau, Prussia - d. July 24, 1936, Bad Saarow-Pieskow, Germany), chancellor of Germany (1917). He joined the Prussian administrative service in 1879 and in 1885-89 taught in the school of German law at Tokyo, Japan. Returning to Prussia, he was public prosecutor before reentering the administrative service in 1892. He became undersecretary of state in the Finance Ministry in 1909, director of the wartime department for cereals in 1915, and Prussian state commissioner for food supply in early 1917. When Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg resigned in the summer of 1917, the military high command, headed by Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff, Germany's actual rulers, secured the appointment of the colourless Michaelis as his successor. He was totally unqualified for the chancellorship and could maintain himself only with the backing of the army. When the majority in the Reichstag called for his assent to its peace resolution of July 19 (indicating that Germany desired no annexations), he evasively agreed to it "as I understand it," thus not committing himself further than the military might decide. In September, when he acknowledged Pope Benedictus XV's peace proposals of August 16, he likewise avoided any specific statement of Germany's territorial aims. When he supported allegations that the leaders of the Independent Social Democratic Party were to blame for a mutiny in the navy, he lost the favour of the Reichstag and so became useless to Ludendorff, and he was forced to resign on October 31. In 1918-19 he was head of the administration (Oberpräsident) of the Prussian province of Pommern.

Michail, Maria (b. Oct. 14, 1973, Nicosia, Cyprus), Cypriot diplomat. She has been high commissioner to India (2012-15), ambassador to Austria and Slovenia (2022-23), and permanent representative to the United Nations (2023- ).

Michailidis, Alekos (English Alecos Michaelides), byname of Alexandros Michailidis (b. Aug. 13, 1933, Milikouri, Cyprus - d. Jan. 6, 2008, Paphos, Cyprus), foreign minister of Cyprus (1993-97). He was president of the House of Representatives in 1977-81.

Michailidis, Ntinos (English Dinos Michaelides), byname of Konstantinos Michailidis (b. 1937, Limassol, Cyprus - d. April 6, 2020, Athens, Greece), interior minister of Cyprus (1985-88, 1993-97, 1998-99). He joined the diplomatic service in 1961. Before his first period as interior minister, he served as minister to the presidency. In 1991 he became an MP and two years later, Pres. Glafkos Kliridis appointed him again interior minister. In 1997 he withdrew from the government following a decision by the Democratic Party (DIKO) to leave its partner in government, but he returned to the post four months later. In 1999 he resigned shortly after being cleared of corruption allegations by the cabinet. The cabinet had absolved him despite an independent report which questioned the judgement of town planning authorities in changing building zones in an area where the minister later built a luxury house. The town planning department came under Michailidis' authority. Michailidis briefly quit in the midst of the row in late 1998 but then withdrew his resignation when Kliridis refused to accept it. He repeatedly denied any wrongdoing. His 1999 resignation came a day after the shock resignation of government spokesman Christos Stylianidis, who strongly disagreed with the cabinet decision to absolve Michailidis.

Michal
Michal, Kristen (b. July 12, 1975, Tallinn, Estonian S.S.R.), justice minister (2011-12) and prime minister (2024- ) of Estonia. He was also minister of economic affairs and infrastructure (2015-16).

Michalakopoulos, Andreas (Spiliou) (b. May 29 [May 17, O.S.], 1875, Patras, Greece - d. March 27, 1938, Athens, Greece), finance minister (1924), prime minister (1924-25), military minister (1924-25), and foreign minister (1925, 1926-28, 1929-32, 1932, 1933) of Greece. He was also minister of national economy (1912-15, 1915), public properties and internal colonization (Thessaloniki government, 1916-17), agriculture and public properties (1917-19), a minister without portfolio (1919-20), and a deputy prime minister (1929-32, 1932).

Michalowski, Czeslaw (Pawel) (b. Jan. 15, 1885, Plock, Poland - d. June 1941, Minsk, Belorussian S.S.R.), justice minister of Poland (1930-36).

Michalowski, Jerzy (b. May 26, 1909, Kiev, Russia [now in Ukraine] - d. March 30, 1993, Warsaw, Poland), Polish diplomat. He was permanent representative to the United Nations (1956-60) and ambassador to the United States (1967-71).

Michalowski, Stanislaw (b. May 3, 1881, Tarnopol, Austria [now Ternopil, Ukraine] - d. af. 1939), acting governor of Bialostockie województwo (1934).

Michalski, Jerzy (Jakub) (b. March 18, 1870, Jaroslaw, Austria [now in Poland] - d. Nov. 24, 1956, Kraków, Poland), finance minister of Poland (1921-22).

Michaudel, Maurice Marie Auguste (b. April 6, 1901 - d. April 13, 1975), interim commissioner of Laos (1947-48).

Michaux, Antoine Léonce (b. Nov. 6, 1822, Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe - d. Jan. 20, 1893), commandant of the French Settlements in Oceania (1876-77).

Michaux-Chevry, Lucette (b. March 5, 1929, Saint-Claude, Guadeloupe - d. Sept. 9, 2021, Gourbeyre, Guadeloupe), president of the General Council (1982-85) and of the Regional Council (1992-2004) of Guadeloupe. She was also mayor of Basse-Terre (1995-2001, 2008-14).

Michavila Núñez, José María (b. March 28, 1960, Madrid, Spain), justice minister of Spain (2002-04).

C. Michel
Michel, Charles (Y.J.Gh.) (b. Dec. 21, 1975, Namur, Belgium), prime minister of Belgium (2014-19) and president of the European Council (2019-24); son of Louis Michel. He was minister of development cooperation in 2007-11. At 38, he became Belgium's youngest head of government in over 170 years.

James Michel
L. Michel
Michel, James (Alix) (b. Aug. 16, 1944, Anse Boileau district, Mahé island, Seychelles), finance minister (1989-2006), defense minister (1993-97, 2004-16), vice president (1996-2004), president (2004-16), interior minister (2004-07), and foreign minister (2009-10) of Seychelles. He was secretary-general of the Seychelles People's Progressive Front (1994-2009) and then became president of its successor, the People's Party (2009- ).

Michel, Joseph (b. Oct. 25, 1925, Saint-Mard, Luxembourg province, Belgium - d. June 3, 2016, Arlon, Luxembourg province), interior minister of Belgium (1974-77, 1986-88). He was also minister of education (1977-79) and chairman of the Chamber of Representatives (1980-81).

Michel, Louis (Omer Hortense Charles) (b. Sept. 2, 1947, Tienen [Tirlemont], Belgium), foreign minister and a deputy prime minister of Belgium (1999-2004). He was also Belgium's EU commissioner, responsible for research (2004) and development and humanitarian aid (2004-09).

Michel, Marc (Albert Augustin) (b. May 25, 1892, Malakoff, Seine [now in Hauts-de-Seine], France - d. April 5, 1971, Paris, France), interim governor of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon (1925-26).

Michel, (Georges Jean-Jacques) Smarck (b. March 29, 1937, Saint-Marc, Haiti - d. Sept. 1, 2012, Port-au-Prince, Haiti), prime minister of Haiti (1994-95). He was also minister of trade and industry (1991).

Michel, Victor (Léonard) (b. Jan. 8, 1851, Ghent, Belgium - d. Dec. 5, 1918, Ixelles [now in Brussels-Capital region], Belgium), war minister of Belgium (1912).

Michelakis, Ioannis (b. April 10, 1960, Kalymnos, Greece), interior minister of Greece (2013-14).

Michelet, Carl Johan (b. July 25, 1826, Urskog [now part of Aurskog-Høland municipality], Aggershuus amt [now Akershus fylke], Norway - d. Jan. 30, 1902, Kristiania [now Oslo], Norway), governor of Jarlsberg og Larvik amt (1882-1902). He was also mayor of Christiania (1866-68).

Michelet, Christian Fredrik (b. June 23, 1863, Christiania [now Oslo], Norway - d. July 25, 1927, Bærum, Akershus, Norway), foreign minister (1920-21, 1923-24) and acting prime minister (1923) of Norway.

Michelet, Edmond (Charles Octave) (b. Oct. 8, 1899, Paris, France - d. Oct. 9, 1970, Brive-la-Gaillarde, Corrèze, France), French army minister (1945-46). He was also minister of veterans and war victims (1958-59), justice (1959-61), civil service (1967-68), and cultural affairs (1969-70), minister of state (1968), and general secretary of the Union of Republicans of Social Action (1958).

Micheletti
Michelotti
Micheletti (Baín), Roberto (b. Aug. 13, 1948, El Progreso, Yoro department, Honduras), president of Honduras (2009-10). He was also president of the National Congress (2006-09).

Michell, Harry Denis (b. Oct. 29, 1923 - d. Jan. 1, 1971), British political officer in the Trucial States (1950-51).

Michelotti, Maria Domenica (b. Oct. 8, 1952, Bourg St. Maurice, France), captain-regent of San Marino (2000).

Michelsen (Mantilla), Alfredo (b. April 14, 1898, Bogotá, Colombia - d. ...), acting foreign minister of Colombia (1934). He was also chargé d'affaires in the United Kingdom (c. 1930) and minister to Japan (1939-41) and the Soviet Union (1943-46).

C. Michelsen
Michelsen, (Peter) Christian (Hersleb Kjerschow) (b. March 15, 1857, Bergen, Norway - d. June 28, 1925, Fjøsanger, near Bergen), prime minister of Norway (1905-07). He was first elected to the Storting (parliament) from Bergen in 1891, adhering to the "Pure" Left Party. In 1894 he returned to business and municipal affairs but he reappeared in 1903, when he was again elected to the Storting for Bergen, now as a member of the Coalition Party (conservatives and moderate liberals). Almost immediately he joined Georg Francis Hagerup's coalition government, first as a member of the Norwegian Council of State Division in Stockholm, then in 1904 becoming finance minister, but he abandoned the government in February 1905 in protest against Hagerup's extremely moderate policy in the growing conflict with Sweden. In March he was appointed prime minister in a new coalition; thenceforth he was the unquestioned leader of the Norwegians in the conflict that led to the dissolution of the union with Sweden. After the king of Sweden vetoed a law for separate consular representation, the Storting declared the union dissolved on June 7. On August 13, Michelsen called for a plebiscite, which overwhelmingly favoured independence. He met with some opposition, however, because of his willingness to compromise with the Swedes in the Karlstad negotiations in September and because of his definite stand for monarchy against republicanism. Haakon VII, a member of the Danish royal house, was chosen as king of Norway. Trying to preserve the unity of the coalition, Michelsen remained in office until 1907, when he retired because of illness. In 1909 he took part in the organization of the moderately conservative Liberal Left Party, but refused to be its leader; after 1910 he retired from political life.

P. Michelsen
Michelsen, Poul (Johan Sundberg) (b. July 22, 1944), foreign minister of the Faeroe Islands (2015-19). He was at the same time minister of industry and trade. In 1981-92 he was mayor of Tórshavn.

Michener
Michener, (Daniel) Roland (b. April 19, 1900, Lacombe, Alberta - d. Aug. 6, 1991, Toronto, Ontario), governor general of Canada (1967-74). A Conservative, he was elected to the Ontario legislature in 1945 and represented Toronto-St. Paul's in the federal House of Commons from 1953 to 1962; he was speaker in 1957-62. He retired from politics after losing a reelection bid in 1962 but served as Canada's representative at various international conferences. He was serving (1964-67) as Canada's high commissioner to India when he was recalled to take the post of governor general. During his tenure he presided over the opening of Expo 67, Montreal's international exhibition, and he was required to sign the War Measures Act into law during the 1970 October Crisis, when members of the FLQ (Front de Libération du Québec) kidnapped a British trade commissioner and Quebec's labour minister from their Montreal homes. Michener, who maintained a high profile, made frequent state visits abroad and abolished some ceremonial rituals, including the curtsy.

Michos, Artemios (N.) (b. 1803 - d. 1880), military minister of Greece (1863, 1866). He was also provisional minister of marine (1863).

Michuki, John (Njoroge) (b. 1931, Kenya - d. Feb. 21, 2012, Nairobi, Kenya), acting finance minister of Kenya (2008-09). He was also minister of transport (2003-05), provincial administration and national security (2005-08), roads and public works (2008), and environment and mineral resources (2008-12).

Micic
G.S. Mickelson
Micic, Natasa, née Jovanovic (b. Nov. 8, 1965, Titovo Uzice [now Uzice], Serbia), acting president of Serbia (2002-04). She was president of the National Assembly (2001-04) and president of the Civic Alliance of Serbia (2004-07).

Mickelson, George S(peaker) (b. Jan. 31, 1941, Mobridge, S.D. - d. [plane crash] April 19, 1993, near Zwingle, Iowa), governor of South Dakota (1987-93); son of George T. Mickelson.

Mickelson, George T(heodore) (b. July 23, 1903, Selby, S.D. - d. Feb. 28, 1965, Sioux Falls, S.D.), governor of South Dakota (1947-51).

Mickey, John Hopwood (b. Sept. 30, 1845, near Burlington, Iowa - d. June 2, 1910, Osceola, Neb.), governor of Nebraska (1903-07).

Mickiewicz, Mieczyslaw (b. Feb. 26, 1879, Kamenets-Podolsky, Russia [now Kamyanets-Podilskyi, Ukraine] - d. bf. 1939), governor of Wolynskie województwo (1922-23). He was also Ukrainian minister of Polish affairs (1918).

Mickoski
Mickoski, Hristijan (b. Sept. 29, 1977, Skopje, Macedonia [now North Macedonia]), prime minister of North Macedonia (2024- ).

Micombero, Michel (b. 1940 - d. July 16, 1983, Mogadishu, Somalia), president of Burundi (1966-76). A member of the politically dominant Tutsi tribe, he helped foil a coup by members of the more numerous Hutu after his appointment as minister of defense in 1965, then became involved in moves to replace the king, Mwambutsa IV, by his son. When the new king took power, he made Micombero prime minister, but Micombero deposed him in November 1966 and made himself president. Temporarily he also was foreign minister (1967) and interior minister (1973). He pursued a conciliatory policy up to 1969, releasing political prisoners and trying to gain support from the Hutu. In October 1969, however, he announced the discovery of a plot led by Hutu officers, many of whom were executed. In 1972 the Hutu rebelled, killing some 2,000 Tutsi. The Tutsi reacted with a savage repression of the Hutu, in which an estimated 100,000 died. The government's role in this, and that of the army, remained obscure, but the division between the two peoples was now irreconcilable. In 1976 he was overthrown by Col. Jean-Baptiste Bagaza and remained quietly in exile in Somalia.

Miculescu, Angelo (Romeo Constantin) (b. Dec. 4, 1929, Constanta, Romania - d. Feb. 9, 1999, Slobozia, Ialomita county, Romania), a deputy prime minister of Romania (1975-81). He was also minister of agriculture and forestry (1969-71), agriculture, food industry, and water (1972-75), and agriculture and food industry (1975-81) and ambassador to China (1983-90) and Burma/Myanmar (1987-90).

Miculescu, Simona-Mirela (b. July 4, 1959, Satu Mare, Romania), Romanian diplomat. She was permanent representative to the United Nations (2008-15), representative of the UN secretary-general and head of the UN office in Belgrade (2015-20), and acting Kosovo administrator (2015).

Midaoui, Ahmed (El) (b. June 18, 1948, Oulad Amrane, Taounate province, Morocco), interior minister of Morocco (1999-2001). He was also governor of Mohammedia-Zenata (1987-92) and Tanger (1992-93).

Middelburg, Duco Gerrit Eduard (b. Sept. 15, 1907, The Hague, Netherlands - d. 1974), Dutch diplomat. He was ambassador to Poland (1959-62), Chile (1963-67), and Portugal (1970-72) and permanent representative to the United Nations (1967-70).

Middelkoop, Eimert van (b. Feb. 14, 1949, Berkel en Rodenrijs [now part of Lansingerland], Zuid-Holland, Netherlands), defense minister of the Netherlands (2007-10). He was also minister without portfolio (housing, city quarters, and integration) (2010).

Middlemore, George (d. Nov. 18, 1850, Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England), lieutenant governor of Grenada (1833-35) and governor of Saint Helena (1836-42).

Middleton, Sir George Humphrey (b. Jan. 21, 1910 - d. Feb. 12, 1998), political resident in the Persian Gulf (1958-61); knighted 1958. He was also British chargé d'affaires in Iran (1951, 1952) and ambassador to Lebanon (1956-58), Argentina (1961-64), and Egypt (1964-65).

Middleton, Henry (b. Sept. 28, 1770, London, England - d. June 14, 1846, Charleston, S.C.), governor of South Carolina (1810-12). He was also U.S. minister to Russia (1821-30).

Middleton, Sir John (b. July 1870, Stow, Scotland - d. Nov. 5, 1954, Bath, England), acting governor of Mauritius (1914, 1916, 1919) and governor of the Falkland Islands (1920-27), Gambia (1927-28), and Newfoundland (1928-32); knighted 1924.

Midfai, Jamil (Bey) al-, Arabic Jamil (Bay) al-Midfa`i (b. 1890, Mosul, Ottoman Empire [now in Iraq] - d. Oct. 26, 1958), prime minister of Iraq (1933-34, 1935, 1937-38, 1941, 1953). He was also minister of interior (1930, 1934, 1948) and defense (1934-35, 1937-38) and president of the Senate (1943-45, 1955-58).

Midhat Pasha, (Ahmed Sefik), original name Ahmed Sefik (b. October/November 1822, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire [now Istanbul, Turkey] - d. [killed in prison] May 7/8, 1884, Taif, Ottoman Empire [now in Saudi Arabia]), grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire (1872, 1876-77). He was also governor of Nis (1861-64), Danube (1864-68), Baghdad (1869-72), Salonika (1873-74), Syria (1878-80), and Aydin (1880-81), head of the Council of State (1868-69, 1876), and justice minister (1873, 1875).

Midilev, Petur (Ivanov) (b. Oct. 27, 1875, Sliven, Ottoman Empire [now in Bulgaria] - d. March 22, 1939), interior minister of Bulgaria (1934-35). He was also acting justice minister (1934).

Midkiff, Frank Elbert (b. Nov. 15, 1887, Anna, Ill. - d. Aug. 7, 1983), high commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (1953-54).

Midleton, (William) St. John (Fremantle) Brodrick, (1st) Earl of (b. Dec. 14, 1856, London, England - d. Feb. 13, 1942, Peper Harow, Surrey, England), British secretary of state for war (1900-03) and India (1903-05). He succeeded as (9th) Viscount Midleton in 1907 and was created Viscount Dunsford and Earl of Midleton in 1920.

Midzi, Amos (Bernard Muvengwa) (b. July 4, 1952, Majanga village, Chiweshe, Mashonaland Central, Southern Rhodesia [now Zimbabwe] - d. June 9, 2015, Beatrice, near Harare, Zimbabwe), Zimbabwean politician. He was ambassador to Cuba (1987-93) and the United States (1993-99) and minister of energy and power development (2002-04) and mines and mining development (2004-09).

Miedzinski, Boguslaw (b. March 22, 1891, Miastków, Poland - d. May 8, 1972, London, England), Polish politician. He was minister of posts and telegraphs (1927-29) and marshal of the Senate (1938-39).

Mielke, Erich (b. Dec. 28, 1907, Berlin, Germany - d. May 21, 2000, Berlin), minister of state security of East Germany (1957-89). He joined the Communist Party of Germany in 1927 and was an active street agitator. Having been at the scene of the murder of two police officers who were killed in retaliation for the killing of a young Communist, he fled to the U.S.S.R. in 1931, taking the name Paul Bach. In 1936-39 he fought in the Spanish civil war under the name Fritz Leissner. He spent most of World War II in France, at times interned, before getting to the Soviet occupation zone of Germany in 1945, where the Soviets fostered his career. He helped build the agency he came to head in 1957, commonly called Stasi, which scrutinized every aspect of East German domestic life, persecuted suspected dissidents, and suppressed dissent through a network of tens of thousands of official operatives as well as civilian informants, often reporting on their families and friends. He became a candidate member (1971) and full member (1976) of the Politburo of the Socialist Unity Party. He maintained his position until the collapse of the regime in 1989, when he made a feeble defense of himself before parliament ("I love everyone"). He was deemed physically unfit to stand trial for his actions as Stasi chief, but was imprisoned (1993-95) for the 1931 murders.

Mier (Revilla), Adolfo, interior and justice minister of Bolivia (1926).

Mierlo
Mierlo, Hans van, byname of Henricus Antonius Franciscus Maria Oliva van Mierlo (b. Aug. 18, 1931, Breda, Netherlands - d. March 11, 2010, Amsterdam, Netherlands), Dutch politician. He set up the centrist D66 party in September 1966 with the aim of shaking up the political system and was its leader in 1966-73 and 1986-98. He led the new party to a spectacular success in February 1967, when they gained almost 5% of the national vote in their first parliamentary elections. He served two separate terms as party leader in parliament (1967-73, 1986-94); he was defense minister in 1981-82. His return as elder statesman in 1986 culminated in D66's inclusion in the coalition with Labour and the right-wing Liberals in 1994. He got the foreign affairs portfolio, which he had long coveted. He stepped down as D66 leader in February 1998. Elections in May 1998 returned the ruling coalition of Labour, Liberals, and D66 strengthened overall, but delivered a blow to D66. The junior partner lost 10 of its 24 seats and agreed to surrender one of its three ministerial posts. Mierlo said he would not return in the new cabinet nor would he take a seat in the new parliament.

Miettinen, Mauri (Kalevi) (b. Oct. 2, 1941, Joutseno [now part of Lappeenranta], Finland), governor of Kymi (1993-97). He was also Finnish minister of social affairs and health (1990-91).

Miettunen
Mifsud
Miettunen, Martti (Juhani) (b. April 17, 1907, Simo, Lapland, Finland - d. Jan. 19, 2002, Kauniainen, near Helsinki, Finland), prime minister of Finland (1961-62, 1975-77). He was a lawmaker in the Agrarian Party from 1945 to 1958 and served as minister of public works and transport (1950-51, 1954-56), agriculture (1951-53, 1956-57, 1958, 1968-70), and finance (1957). He was governor of Lapland in 1958-73.

Mifflin, Thomas (b. Jan. 10, 1744, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania - d. Jan. 20, 1800, Lancaster, Pa.), president of the Supreme Executive Council (1788-90) and governor (1790-99) of Pennsylvania.

Mifsud, Sir Ugo Pasquale (b. Sept. 12, 1889, Valletta, Malta - d. Feb. 11, 1942), prime minister of Malta (1924-27, 1932-33); knighted 1927. He was also minister of industry and commerce (1921-24, 1932-33), posts (1921-22, 1923-24), agriculture and fisheries (1921-22, 1923-24), finance (1924-26), and justice (1926-27, 1932-33).

Mifsud Bonnici, Carm(elo) (b. Feb. 17, 1960, Floriana, Malta), home affairs minister (2008-12) and justice minister (2008-12) of Malta; son of Ugo Mifsud Bonnici.

Carmelo Mifsud B.
Mifsud Bonnici, Carmelo, Maltese spelling Karmenu (b. July 17, 1933, Cospicua, Malta - d. Nov. 5, 2022), prime minister and home affairs minister of Malta (1984-87); cousin of Ugo Mifsud Bonnici. He was elected deputy leader of the Labour Party in 1980 and designate leader to succeed Dom Mintoff in 1982. The following year, upon the resignation of a government member, he was co-opted as a member of parliament by the House of Representatives and held the portfolios first of labour and social services (May-September 1983) and then of education (1983-86) and rising to the premiership on Dec. 22, 1984, succeeding Mintoff in that office and also as party leader. He had yet to contest a general election. Under his leadership the ruling Labour government did not change any of its hardline policies, although he adopted a somewhat different approach. He continued his predecessor's intransigent attitude toward the opposition Nationalist Party but endeavoured to woo the hostile private commercial and industrial sector and to mend Malta's fences with Western Europe, the U.S., and the Commonwealth. At the same time, he maintained Malta's strong ties with Communist countries and strengthened relations with Libya. The Nationalists won the 1987 election, and after another defeat in 1992 he resigned as Labour leader.

U. Mifsud Bonnici
Mifsud Bonnici, Ugo (b. Nov. 8, 1932, Cospicua, Malta), Maltese politician. He contested the general elections of 1966 for the Nationalist Party. He was elected from the 2nd District which comprised Cospicua, Vittoriosa, Senglea, Kalkara, and Fgura. He was reelected in all subsequent general elections. For fifteen years (1972-87) he was the Nationalist Party's spokesman for education. In 1977 he was also elected president of the party's General and Administrative Councils. In 1987 the Nationalist Party was elected to government and Mifsud Bonnici was appointed to the cabinet as minister of education. His portfolio included Education, Environment, Broadcasting, Culture, Youth, Museums, and Sport. In 1990 he became minister of education and the interior. Following the 1992 elections Mifsud Bonnici was appointed minister of Education and Human Resources. As a member of parliament, he took an active interest in the updating of Malta's legislation. He was a member of numerous Select Committees including the Committee set up to draft the constitutional changes that declared Malta a republic. As a minister, he worked on the drafting of important legislation such as the Education Act, the Environment Act, the National Archives Act, and the Occupational Health and Safety Promotion Act. In 1994-99 he was president of Malta.

Migaud, Didier (b. June 6, 1952, Saint-Symphorien [now part of Tours], Indre-et-Loire, France), justice minister of France (2024). He was also first president of the Court of Accounts (2010-20).<

Migiro
Migiro, Asha-Rose (Mtengeti) (b. July 9, 1956, Songea, Tanganyika [now in Tanzania]), foreign minister of Tanzania (2006-07). She was also minister of community development, gender, and children (2000-06) and justice (2014-15), UN deputy secretary-general (2007-12), and ambassador to the United Kingdom (2016-23).

Miglietti, Vincenzo (Maria) (b. May 25, 1809, Moncalieri, France [now in Torino metropolitan city, Italy] - d. July 14, 1864, Nichelino, Torino province [now Torino metropolitan city], Italy), justice minister of Sardinia (1859) and Italy (1861-62).

Migliore, Celestino (b. July 1, 1952, Cuneo, Italy), Vatican diplomat. He has been permanent observer to the United Nations (2002-10) and apostolic nuncio to Poland (2010-16), Russia (2016-20), and France (2020- ).

Migliuolo, Giovanni (b. Dec. 8, 1927, Naples, Italy - d. Sept. 21, 1989, New York City), Italian diplomat. He was ambassador to the Soviet Union (1981-85) and Egypt (1985-88) and permanent representative to the United Nations (1988-89).

Migolet, Jean-Stanislas (b. Aug. 1, 1920, Koula-Moutou, Gabon - d. July 6, 1987, Libreville, Gabon), interior minister (1957-58, 1960-61, 1964, 1968-69, 1973-75, 1978-80) and deputy prime minister (1975-80) of Gabon. He was also minister of labour and social security (1958-60, 1969-73, 1976-78), national security (1960-61), public works, transport, and posts and telecommunications (1964-66, 1968), health and population (1966-68), and parliamentary relations (1967-80).

Miguel Gil, José María de (b. April 15, 1950, Logroño, Spain), president of La Rioja (1983-87).

Miguet, Robert (Félix) (b. Dec. 30, 1929, Toulouse, France - d. Sept. 3, 2019, Toulouse), prefect of Guadeloupe (1982-84). He was also prefect of the French départements of Pyrénées-Orientales (1984-86) and Gard (1986-87).

Miguil, Hassan Farah (b. 1954, Djibouti, French Somaliland [now Djibouti]), Djiboutian politician. He was minister of justice (1996-97), public works, urban planning, and housing (1997-99), and youth, sports, leisure, and tourism (2005-08) and ombudsman (1999-2005).

Mihai I
Mihai I, English Michael I (b. Oct. 25, 1921, Sinaia, Romania - d. Dec. 5, 2017, Aubonne, Vaud, Switzerland), king of Romania (1927-30, 1940-47). The son of the future king Carol II, he first succeeded to the throne (under a regency) on the death of his grandfather Ferdinand I, his father having renounced his own claims in 1925. In 1930 he was supplanted by Carol, but he was again made king in 1940 when the Germans gained control of Romania. In 1944 he played a considerable part in the overthrow of the dictatorship of Ion Antonescu. He announced the acceptance of the Allied peace terms, and declared war on Germany. His attempts after the war to establish a broader system of government were foiled by the progressive Communist domination. In 1947 he was forced to abdicate and since lived in exile, first in Britain and from 1956 in Switzerland. Following the overthrow of the Communist government, he tried to return to Romania in December 1990, but was expelled. In 1992 he made his first successful visit. In 1994 he was again barred from entering, on the grounds that his planned visit challenged the republican constitution. In 2007 his family palace was restored to him and he was allowed to return. In 2011 he marked his 90th birthday by addressing a joint session of parliament.

Mihail, original name Metodij Gogov (b. March 20, 1912, Novo Selo, near Strumica, Ottoman Empire [now in North Macedonia] - d. July 6, 1999, Skopje, Macedonia [now North Macedonia]), archbishop of Ohrid, head of the Macedonian Orthodox Church (1993-99). He went to a seminary at the age of 15. Nine years later he graduated with top honours from the theological faculty of Belgrade University. It seemed his vocation would be teaching. However, World War II disrupted these plans, and he returned to Macedonia, advocating independence and working for the restoration of the archbishopric of Ohrid, a symbol of the independence movement. In 1945 he was one of the prime movers in gathering 300 clergy to debate the issue, and was instrumental in persuading them to vote unanimously for independence. Soon afterwards, at a time when Yugoslavia pursued a stronger anti-religious policy than it did in President Tito's later years, Mihail was imprisoned for six months. He was jailed again in 1948-53. After 13 years back in Skopje, he began a kind of exile in Australia, establishing in Melbourne the first Macedonian (as opposed to Serbian) Orthodox parish outside Yugoslavia. The Macedonian Orthodox Church proclaimed autocephaly (independence) unilaterally in 1967, to the universal condemnation of all other Orthodox churches. After that declaration of autocephaly, only possible in a domestic climate which was less severe on religion, he became assistant to the Macedonian "Bishop of Australia, America and Canada." At this time, he won the nickname of the flying Macedonian priest as he lectured tirelessly around the world, including London in 1969. He was consecrated as bishop of Vardar in 1988. This was possible only because his wife had died, enabling him, according to Orthodox tradition, to take monastic orders and thus be eligible for a bishopric. He was translated to the metropolitan see of Ohrid in 1993.

Mihailo Obrenovic III (b. Sept. 16 [Sept. 4, O.S.], 1823, Kragujevac, Serbia - d. June 10 [May 29, O.S.], 1868, Kosutnjak, near Belgrade, Serbia), prince of Serbia (1840-42, 1860-68); son of Milos Obrenovic I; brother of Milan Obrenovic II.

Mihailov (Popov), Ivan (b. Feb. 22, 1897, Ferdinand [now Montana], Bulgaria - d. May 16, 1982), defense minister of Bulgaria (1958-62). He was also a deputy premier (1950-71) and minister of transport and communications (1957-58).

Mihailov (Mirchev), Stoyan (b. Oct. 6, 1930, Skravena, Bulgaria - d. Oct. 22, 2020, Skravena), a deputy premier of Bulgaria (1989-90).

Mihailov-Moraru, Veronica (b. Sept. 29, 1982, Kishinev, Moldavian S.S.R. [now Chisinau, Moldova]), justice minister of Moldova (2023- ).

Mihailova, Nadezhda: see Neynski, Nadezhda.

D. Mihailovic
Mihailovic, Draza, byname of Dragoljub Mihailovic, Mihailovic also spelled Mihajlovic (b. March 27, 1893, Ivanjica, Serbia - d. July 17, 1946, Belgrade, Yugoslavia [now in Serbia]), Yugoslav resistance leader. He fought in the Balkan Wars (1912-13) and in World War I. When, on April 6, 1941, Germany attacked Yugoslavia, he was a colonel and chief of staff of a motorized unit in Bosnia. After the swift conquest and partition of Yugoslavia, he organized underground bands of resistance (Chetniks), mainly in Serbia, to act in conjunction with King Petar's government-in-exile and the Allies. He was appointed general in December 1941 and minister of war in January 1942 by the government-in-exile. Another underground organization, the Communist-dominated Partisans, led by Josip Broz Tito, was operating mainly in Bosnia and Montenegro. In the autumn of 1941 the Chetniks and Partisans fought the Germans together, but their divergent political aims led to distrust and by the end of the year they were fighting each other. Mihailovic, fearful of brutal reprisals against Serbians, came to favour a cautious strategy against the Germans and Italians and there were reports of his collaboration with them against the Partisans. Favouring the more aggressive policy of Tito, the Allies withdrew their support from Mihailovic in 1944. After the war he went into hiding, but was captured on March 13, 1946, and charged by the Yugoslav government with treason and collaboration with the Germans. He was sentenced to death and was shot in Belgrade. Throughout the trial he denied any collaboration with the Germans and a U.S. commission of inquiry later cleared him and those under his immediate command of the charge.

Mihailovic, Stevca (b. January 1804, Jagodina, Ottoman Empire [now in Serbia] - d. Oct. 1 [Sept. 19, O.S.], 1888, Belgrade, Serbia), prime minister of Serbia (1875, 1876-78).

Mihailovic, Vojislav (b. Sept. 3, 1951, Belgrade, Yugoslavia), acting president of Serbia (2004); grandson of Draza Mihailovic. He was mayor of Belgrade in 1999-2000 and Yugoslav presidential candidate in 2000 for the Serbian Renewal Movement, winning 2.9% of the vote.

Mihajlovic, Dusan (b. Sept. 27, 1948, Valjevo, Serbia), interior minister and a deputy prime minister of Serbia (2001-04).

S. Mihajlovic
Mihajlovic, Svetozar (b. 1949), co-prime minister of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1999-2000). He was a member of the Western-backed Bosnian Serb Sloga coalition.

Mihajlovic, Zorana (Z.) (b. May 5, 1970, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina), a deputy prime minister of Serbia (2014-22). She was also minister of energy, development, and environment (2012-14), transportation, construction, and infrastructure (2014-20), and energy and mining (2020-22).

Mihajlovski, Ljubomir (b. Dec. 10, 1954, Skopje, Macedonia [now North Macedonia]), interior minister of Macedonia (2004-06).

Mihál, Jozef (b. March 18, 1965, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia [now in Slovakia]), Slovak politician. He was a deputy prime minister and minister of labour, social affairs, and family (2010-12).

Mihalache, Ion (b. Feb. 18, 1882, Topoloveni, Romania - d. March 5/6, 1963, Rîmnicu Sarat [now Râmnicu Sarat], Romania), interior minister of Romania (1930-31, 1932-33). He was also minister of agriculture and domains (1919-20, 1928-30).

Mihali, Qirjako (b. May 13, 1929, Korçë, Albania), finance minister of Albania (1982-84). He was also a deputy premier (1977-82, 1984-87) and director of the State Bank (1989-90).

Mihályfi, Ernö (b. Sept. 3, 1898, Bér, Hungary - d. Nov. 20, 1972, Budapest, Hungary), foreign minister of Hungary (1947). He was also information minister (1947).

Mihanovic, Nedjeljko (b. Feb. 16, 1930, Sitno Donje, Dalmatia, Yugoslavia [now in Croatia] - d. Jan. 27, 2022, Zagreb, Croatia), president of the Sabor of Croatia (1994-95).

Mihara, Asao (b. Aug. 20, 1909, Onga, Fukuoka prefecture, Japan - d. March 7, 2001, Fukuoka prefecture), Japanese politician. He was minister of education (1974), minister of state, director-general of the Defense Agency (1976-77), and minister of state, director-general of the Prime Minister's Office and the Okinawa Development Agency (1978-79).

Mihov, Nikola (Mihailov) (b. Nov. 29, 1891, Turnovo [now Veliko Turnovo], Bulgaria - d. [executed] Feb. 2, 1945, Sofia, Bulgaria), member of the Regency Council of Bulgaria (1943-44).

Mijalkov, Jordan (b. Dec. 11, 1932, Novo Selo, near Stip, Yugoslavia [now in North Macedonia] - d. [road accident] Dec. 19, 1991, Vranje, Serbia), interior minister of Macedonia (1991).

Mijares Palencia, José (b. March 1, 1895, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico - d. 1965, Mexico City, Mexico), governor of Puebla (1933).

Mijatovic, Cedomilj (b. Oct. 18 [Oct. 6, O.S.], 1842, Belgrade, Serbia - d. May 14, 1932, London, England), finance minister (1873-75, 1881-83) and foreign minister (1880-81, 1888-89) of Serbia. He was also minister to the United Kingdom (1895-1900, 1903) and the Ottoman Empire (1900).

Mikaelsson, Maggi, byname of Margareta Kristina Maria Mikaelsson, née Sahlin (b. Nov. 4, 1946), governor of Jämtland (2002-08).

Mikanagu, Patrice (Abraham Haruna) (b. March 29, 1944), Burundian diplomat. He was permanent representative to the United Nations (1976-77).

Mikanba, Vladimir (Tachevich) (b. Sept. 23, 1931, Novy Afon, Abkhaz A.S.S.R., Georgian S.S.R. - d. February 2010), defense minister of Abkhazia (1996-2002).

Mikasinovic, Branko (b. Nov. 6, 1938, Belisce, Yugoslavia [now in Croatia]), foreign minister of Serbia (1991).

Mikati
Mikati, Najib, Arabic in full Najib `Azmi Miqati (b. Nov. 24, 1955, Tripoli, northern Lebanon), prime minister of Lebanon (2005, 2011-14, 2021-25). A billionaire telecom tycoon, he also served as public works and transport minister (1998-2004).

Mikazuki, Akira (b. June 20, 1921, Hamada, Shimane, Japan - d. Nov. 14, 2010), justice minister of Japan (1993-94).

Mikazuki, Taizo (b. May 24, 1971), governor of Shiga (2014- ).

Mikecz, Ödön (b. May 27, 1894, Budapest, Hungary - d. Jan. 21, 1965, Budapest), justice minister of Hungary (1938).

Mikeladze, Jemal (Pridonovich) (b. Aug. 20, 1936, Kulashi, Georgian S.S.R. - d. 2014), first secretary of the Communist Party of the Georgian S.S.R. (1991).

Mikelic, Borislav (b. Sept. 13, 1939, Dobrljin, near Novi Grad, Yugoslavia [now in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina] - d. May 12, 2018, Belgrade, Serbia), prime minister of Krajina (1994-95).

Mikerevic
Mikerevic, Dragan (b. Feb. 12, 1955, Doboj [now in Republika Srpska], Bosnia and Herzegovina), prime minister of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2002) and of the Republika Srpska (2003-05).

Mikhail, secular name Matvey (Mikhailovich) Desnitsky (b. Nov. 19 [Nov. 8, O.S.], 1761, Toporkovo, Moscow province, Russia - d. April 5 [March 24, O.S.], 1821, St. Petersburg, Russia), metropolitan of St. Petersburg (1818-21). He was also bishop of Staraya Russa (1802-03), bishop (1803-06) and archbishop (1806-18) of Chernigov, and Locum Tenens of Pskov (1815-16).

Mikhail (Nikolayevich), Veliky Knyaz (Grand Duke) (b. Oct. 25 [Oct. 13, O.S.], 1832, St. Petersburg, Russia - d. Dec. 18, 1909, Cannes, France), viceroy of the Caucasus (1862-81); brother of Aleksandr II and Veliky Knyaz Konstantin (1827-1892); son of Nikolay I. He was also chairman of the Imperial State Council (1881-1905).

Mikhail III, secular name Vasily (Fyodorovich) Yermakov (b. Aug. 12 [July 31, O.S.], 1862 - d. March 30, 1929, Kiev, Ukrainian S.S.R.), Locum Tenens (1921-24) and metropolitan (1924-29) of Kiev. He was also bishop of Novgorod-Seversky (1899), Kovno (1899-1903), and Omsk (1903-05) and bishop (1905-12) and archbishop (1912-24) of Grodno and Brest.

Mikhailov, Aleksandr (Nikolayevich) (b. Sept. 15, 1951, Shchigrovsky district, Kursk oblast, Russian S.F.S.R. - d. Dec. 4, 2020, Kursk, Russia), head of the administration of Kursk oblast (2000-18).

Mikhailov, Anany (Mikhailovich) (b. Oct. 4 [Sept. 22, O.S.], 1898, Bolshiye Yaushi, Kazan province [now in Chuvashia republic], Russia - d. 1942), chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Chuvash A.S.S.R. (1927-30).

Mikhailov, Batyr (Chimidovich) (b. March 28, 1941), chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kalmyk A.S.S.R./Kalmykia (1989-92).

Mikhailov, Gavriil (Mikhailovich) (b. Jan. 30 [Jan. 18, O.S.], 1895, Salagayevo, Kazan province, Russia - d. May 15, 1967, Karmaskaly, Bashkir A.S.S.R., Russian S.F.S.R.), executive secretary of the Communist Party committee of Chuvash autonomous oblast (1922). He was also people's commissar of education of the Chuvash A.S.S.R. (1926).

Mikhailov, Nikolay (Aleksandrovich) (b. Oct. 10 [Sept. 27, O.S.], 1906, Moscow, Russia - d. May 25, 1982, Moscow), Soviet politician. He was chief editor of Komsomolskaya Pravda (1937-38), first secretary of the Central Committee of the Komsomol (1938-52), first secretary of the party committee of Moscow oblast (1953-54), ambassador to Poland (1954-55) and Indonesia (1960-65), and culture minister (1955-60).

Mikhailov, Stepan (Andreyevich), executive secretary of the Communist Party committee of the Kabardino-Balkar autonomous oblast (1923-24).

Mikhailov, Viktor (Grigoryevich) (b. April 1, 1936, Kuvandyk, Orenburg oblast, Russian S.F.S.R. - d. Nov. 30, 2023), chairman of the Executive Committee (1990-91) and head of the administration (1991-96) of Magadan oblast.

Mikhailov, Yevgeny (Eduardovich) (b. March 17, 1963), head of the administration of Pskov oblast (1996-2004).

Mikhalchuk
Mikhalchuk, Ilya (Filipovich) (b. Jan. 2, 1957, Kuybyshev, Russian S.F.S.R. [now Samara, Russia]), governor of Arkhangelsk oblast (2008-12). He was mayor of Yakutsk in 1998-2007.

Mikhelson, Ivan (Ivanovich) (b. May 3 [April 22, O.S.], 1740, Reval, Russia [now Tallinn, Estonia] - d. Aug. 17 [Aug. 5, O.S.], 1807, Bucharest, Walachia [now in Romania]), military governor of Vitebsk and Mogilyov (1803-06).

Mikheyev, Aleksandr (Stepanovich) (b. Sept. 1, 1853 - d. Dec. 17, 1914), governor of Terek oblast (1908-12).

Miki
Miki, Takeo (b. March 17, 1907, Donari, Japan - d. Nov. 13, 1988, Tokyo, Japan), prime minister of Japan (1974-76). He was elected to the Diet in 1937. He publicly opposed the drift toward war with the United States, and thus his political career was not hindered by the postwar American occupation. At various times he occupied 10 cabinet posts, including communications (1947-48), transport (1954-55), international trade and industry (1965-66), and foreign affairs (1966-68). He was chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission (1961-62) and director of the Environmental Agency (1972-74) while also serving as deputy prime minister (1972-74). After the ruling Liberal-Democratic Party (LDP) suffered severe losses in the June 1974 elections, Miki resigned from the cabinet in July in protest at the heavily financed electoral campaign directed by Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka and at rumours about Tanaka's financial irregularities. This was the first of a chain of events that ultimately led to the resignation of Tanaka in December 1974. Party faction leaders then agreed on the irreproachable Miki as the compromise choice for the party presidency and the prime ministry. He adopted the policy of limiting defense spending to no more than 1% of gross national product. His plans to reform the LDP foundered on the developing scandal over Tanaka's acceptance of large bribes paid to him by high executives of the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation. He demanded a full inquiry into the affair, but Tanaka's indictment in August 1976 still deeply hurt the LDP in the general election of December 1976, when the LDP lost its majority (though not control of the government). Miki, accepting responsibility for the setback, resigned but remained a powerful leader within the party.