Rulers: Kazakhstan
Administrative divisions
Note: Names of regions are given in both Russian and Kazakh forms, where different. The title of a head of a region or city is akim.
Regions (oblasti/oblystar)
Akmola/Aqmola
Heads
Feb 1992 - Jun 1997 Andrey Braun (b. 1937)
Jul 1997 - Dec 1997 Zhanybek Karibzhanov (b. 1948)
Dec 1997 - Sep 1998 Vladimir Gartman (b. 1947)
Sep 1998 - Mar 2004 Sergey Kulagin (b. 1952)
20 Mar 2004 - 24 Jan 2008 Mazhit Yesenbayev (b. 1949)
24 Jan 2008 - 13 Mar 2010 Albert Rau (b. 1960)
13 Mar 2010 - Jan 2012 Sergey Dyachenko (b. 1952)
Jan 2012 - Kairat Kozhamzharov (b. 1965)
Aktobe/Aqtöbe
Heads
Feb 1992 - Oct 1993 Shalbay Kulmakhanov (b. 1946)
Oct 1993 - Sep 1995 Savely Pachin (b. 1942)
Sep 1995 - 2002 Aslan Musin (b. 1954)
3 Apr 2002 - 10 Jul 2004 Yermek Imantayev (b. 1967)
10 Jul 2004 - Jul 2011 Yeleusin Sagindikov (b. 1947)
Jul 2011 - Arkhimed Mukhambetov (b. 1972)
Almaty
Heads
Feb 1992 - Oct 1994 Akhmetzhan Yesimov (b. 1950)
Oct 1994 - Mar 1996 Umarzak Uzbekov (b. 1948)
Mar 1996 - Dec 1997 Serik Umbetov (1st time) (b. 1950)
Dec 1997 - May 2001 Zamanbek Nurkadilov (b. 1944 - d. 2005)
May 2001 - Aug 2005 Shalbay Kulmakhanov (b. 1946)
Aug 2005 - Apr 2011 Serik Umbetov (2nd time) (s.a.)
Apr 2011 - Ansar Musakhanov (b. 1966)
Taldykorgan/Taldyqorghan
23 May 1997 merged with Almaty
Heads
Feb 1992 - Apr 1993 Saginbek Tursunov (b. 1946)
Apr 1993 - Mar 1996 Serik Akhimbekov (b. 1949)
Mar 1996 - May 1997 Umarzak Uzbekov (b. 1948)
Atyrau
Heads
Feb 1992 - Oct 1994 Sagat Tugelbayev (b. 1948)
Oct 1994 - 1999 Ravil Sherdabayev (b. 1940)
Feb 1999 - Dec 2000 Imangali Tasmagambetov (b. 1956)
Dec 2000 - Apr 2002 Serikbek Daukeyev (b. 1950)
3 Apr 2002 - Oct 2006 Aslan Musin (b. 1954)
Oct 2006 - Bergey Ryskaliyev (b. 1967)
Karaganda/Qaraghandy
Heads
Feb 1992 - Jun 1997 Pyotr Nefyedov (b. 1941)
Jun 1997 - Oct 1999 Mazhit Yesenbayev (b. 1949)
Oct 1999 - 20 Jan 2006 Kamaltin Mukhamedzhanov (b. 1948)
20 Jan 2006 - Nov 2009 Nurlan Nigmatulin (b. 1962)
Nov 2009 - Jan 2012 Serik Akhmetov (b. 1958)
Jan 2012 - Abilgazy Kussainov (b. 1952)
Dzhezkazgan/Zhezqazghan
23 May 1997 merged with Karaganda
Heads
Feb 1992 - Jun 1994 G.P. Yurchenko
Jun 1994 - Aug 1994 Albert Salamatin (b. 1941)
Aug 1994 - Apr 1996 Kazhmurat Nagmanov (b. 1948)
Apr 1996 - May 1997 Yerlan Smailov
Kostanay/Qostanay
Heads
Feb 1992 - Nov 1993 Kenzhebek Ukin
Nov 1993 - Sep 1995 Baltash Tursumbayev (b. 1946)
Sep 1995 - 1998 Toktarbay Kadambayev (b. 1944)
Aug 1998 - Mar 2004 Umirzak Shukeyev (b. 1964)
20 Mar 2004 - Jan 2012 Sergey Kulagin (b. 1952)
Jan 2012 - Nuraly Saduakassov (b. 1964)
Torgay/Torghay
23 May 1997 merged with Kostanay
Heads
Feb 1992 - Jun 1994 Sergey Kulagin (b. 1952)
Jun 1994 - 1995 Zhakan Kosabayev
1995 - May 1997 Vitaly Brynkin
Kyzylorda/Qyzylorda
Heads
Feb 1992 - Sep 1995 Seilbek Shaukhamanov (b. 1939)
Sep 1995 - Jul 1999 Berdibek Saparbayev (b. 1953)
Jul 1999 - Apr 2004 Serikbay Nurgisayev (b. 1956)
5 Apr 2004 - 12 Jan 2007 Ikram Adyrbekov (b. 1950)
12 Jan 2007 - 12 May 2008 Mukhtar Kul-Mukhammed (b. 1960)
12 May 2008 - Bolatbek Kuandykov (b. 1969)
Mangistau/Mangghystau
Heads
Feb 1992 - 1993 F.A. Novikov
1993 - 1995 Lyazzat Kinov (1st time) (b. 1949)
Sep 1995 - 1997 Vyacheslav Levitin (b. 1945)
1997 - 1999 Nikolay Bayev (b. 1945)
1999 - 2002 Lyazzat Kinov (2nd time) (s.a.)
Feb 2002 - 24 Jan 2006 Bolat Palymbetov (b. 1961)
24 Jan 2006 - Dec 2011 Krymbek Kusherbayev (b. 1955)
Dec 2011 - Baurzhan Mukhamedzhanov (b. 1960)
Pavlodar
Heads
Feb 1992 - Jan 1993 Asygat Zhabagin (b. 1948)
Jan 1993 - Dec 1997 Daniyal Akhmetov (1st time) (b. 1954)
Dec 1997 - Nov 2001 Galymzhan Zhakiyanov (b. 1963)
Nov 2001 - Jun 2003 Daniyal Akhmetov (2nd time) (s.a.)
Jun 2003 - Sep 2008 Kairat Nurpeisov (b. 1957)
Sep 2008 - Jan 2012 Bakytzhan Sagintayev (b. 1963)
Jan 2012 - Yerlan Aryn (b. 1961)
Severo-Kazakhstan/Soltüstik Qazaqstan
Heads
Feb 1992 - Dec 1997 Vladimir Gartman (b. 1947)
Dec 1997 - Oct 1999 Daniyal Akhmetov (b. 1954)
13 Oct 1999 - May 2002 Kazhmurat Nagmanov (b. 1948)
17 May 2002 - Dec 2003 Anatoly Smirnov (b. 1946)
Dec 2003 - Oct 2007 Tair Mansurov (b. 1948)
9 Oct 2007 - Serik Bilyalov (b. 1958)
Kokshetau/Kökshetau
23 May 1997 merged with Severo-Kazakhstan
Heads
Feb 1992 - Jan 1993 Zhanybek Karibzhanov (b. 1948)
Jan 1993 - 1993 Nazhameden Iskaliyev (b. 1941)
1993 - Apr 1996 Kyzyr Zhumabayev (b. 1943)
Apr 1996 - May 1997 Dosbol Zhangalov
Vostochno-Kazakhstan/Shyghys Qazaqstan
Heads
Feb 1992 - Jun 1994 Amangeldy Bektemisov (b. 1945)
Jun 1994 - Nov 1995 Yury Lavrinenko (b. 1945)
Nov 1995 - Apr 1996 Leonid Desyatnik
Apr 1996 - Apr 1997 Kazhmurat Nagmanov (b. 1948)
May 1997 - Feb 2003 Vitaly Mette (b. 1947 - d. 2003)
26 Feb 2003 - 9 Dec 2004 Talgatbek Abaydildin (b. 1948)
9 Dec 2004 - 12 Jan 2007 Viktor Khrapunov (b. 1948)
12 Jan 2007 - 7 May 2008 Zhanybek Karibzhanov (b. 1948)
7 May 2008 - Mar 2009 Adilgazy Bergenev (b. 1958)
Mar 2009 - Berdibek Saparbayev (b. 1953)
Semey
23 May 1997 merged with Vostochno-Kazakhstan
Heads
Feb 1992 - Jun 1994 V.F. Chernov
17 Jun 1994 - Mar 1997 Galymzhan Zhakiyanov (b. 1963)
Mar 1997 - Apr 1997 Vitaly Mette (b. 1947 - d. 2003)
Apr 1997 - May 1997 A. Bergenov (acting)
Yuzhno-Kazakhstan/Ongtüstik Qazaqstan
Heads
Feb 1992 - Dec 1993 Mars Urkumbayev (b. 1939 - d. 2012)
Dec 1993 - Dec 1997 Zautbek Turysbekov (b. 1951)
Dec 1997 - Jul 1999 Kalyk Abdullayev (b. 1942)
Jul 1999 - Aug 2002 Berdibek Sarapbayev (b. 1953)
Aug 2002 - Sep 2006 Bolat Zhylkyshiyev (b. 1957)
21 Sep 2006 - 28 Aug 2007 Umirzak Shukeyev (b. 1964)
28 Aug 2007 - Mar 2009 Nurgali Ashimov (b. 1959)
Mar 2009 - Askar Myrzakhmetov (b. 1962)
Zapadno-Kazakhstan/Batys Qazaqstan
Heads
Feb 1992 - Jan 1993 Nazhameden Iskaliyev (b. 1941)
Jan 1993 - 2000 Kabibulla Dzhakupov (b. 1949)
Dec 2000 - Nov 2003 Krymbek Kusherbayev (b. 1955)
Nov 2003 - 28 Aug 2007 Nurgali Ashimov (b. 1959)
28 Aug 2007 - Jan 2012 Baktykozha Izmukhambetov (b. 1948)
Jan 2012 - Nurlan Nogayev
Zhambyl
Heads
Feb 1992 - Oct 1995 Omirbek Baygeldi (b. 1939)
Oct 1995 - Jan 1998 Amalbek Tshanov (b. 1942)
Jan 1998 - Feb 1999 Sarybay Kalmurzayev (b. 1949)
Feb 1999 - 14 May 2004 Serik Umbetov (b. 1950)
14 May 2004 - 30 Nov 2009 Boribay Zheksembin (b. 1952)
30 Nov 2009 - Kanat Bozumbayev (b. 1969)
Cities
Almaty
Heads
Feb 1992 - Jun 1994 Zamanbek Nurkadilov (b. 1944 - d. 2005)
Jun 1994 - 16 Jun 1997 Shalbay Kulmakhanov (b. 1946)
16 Jun 1997 - 9 Dec 2004 Viktor Khrapunov (b. 1948)
9 Dec 2004 - 4 Apr 2008 Imangali Tasmagambetov (b. 1956)
4 Apr 2008 - Akhmetzhan Yesimov (b. 1950)
Astana
6 May 1998 Akmola/Aqmola renamed Astana
Heads
10 Dec 1997 - Jun 2003 Adilbek Dzhaksybekov (b. 1954)
Jun 2003 - Mar 2004 Temirkhan Dosmukhambetov (b. 1949)
20 Mar 2004 - 20 Sep 2006 Umirzak Shukeyev (b. 1964)
21 Sep 2006 - 4 Apr 2008 Askar Mamin (b. 1965)
4 Apr 2008 - Imangali Tasmagambetov (b. 1956)