Rulers: Congo (Kinshasa)
Provinces
Note: At independence in 1960 there were 6 provinces. In connection with the internal troubles of the country the number had risen to 21 in 1963. On 1 Aug 1964 a new "federal" constitution confirmed this fragmentation. After the military coup of Mobutu (25 Nov 1965) the power of the central government was restored and the number of provinces decreased to 12 in Apr 1966 and 8 in Dec 1966 (plus the city of Kinshasa respectively). A presidential decree of 31 Oct 1966 put an end to the last remnants of provincial autonomy. The present number of provinces is 10 (plus Kinshasa). They are grouped below according to the territories of the 6 provinces existing in 1960.
Équateur
20 Aug 1917 Équateur/Evenaar province created in Belgian Congo
1933 Coquilhatville/Coquilhatstad province created in
reorganization
1947 renamed Équateur/Evenaar
30 Jun 1960 autonomous province of the Congo republic
14 Aug 1962 separation of the provinces of Cuvette Centrale and Ubangi;
the remaining part of the province comes under central
administration
5 Feb 1963 remaining part is reorganized as province of Moyen-Congo
25 Apr 1966 Cuvette Centrale, Moyen-Congo, and Ubangi are reunited in
a new Équateur province
Deputy governors-general
1917 - 1919 Georges Moulaert (b. 1875 - d. 1958)
1919 - 25 Oct 1921 Alphonse Engels (b. 1880 - d. 1962)
(interim to 19...)
1921 - 4 Oct 1924 Charles Duchesne (b. 1881 - d. 1945)
(interim to 1922)
Jan 1922 - Sep 1922 Georges Van Der Kercken (b. 1888 - d. 1953)
(acting for Duchesne)
4 Oct 1924 - 1925 W.E. Parker (interim)
Governors and deputy governors-general
1925 - 24 Mar 1933 Charles Duchesne (s.a.)
1927 - 1928 J. Jorissen
(acting for Duchesne)
1929 - 1930 J. Jorissen
(acting for Duchesne)
Commissioners
1933 - 1934 J. Jorissen
11 Jul 1934 - 1935 E. Van de Cappelle (b. 1881 - d. 1937)
1935 - 1941 Eugène Henry (interim to 193...)
Governors
1941 - 1945 Eugène Henry
1945 - 1947 Van Hoeck (interim)
1947 - 1950 F. Wenner
1950 L. Breuls de Tiecken (1st time)
1950 A. Gille
1950 L. Breuls de Tiecken (2nd time)
1950 - 1951 Pierre Nauwelaert (b. 1903 - d. 1969)
1951 - 1953 L. Breuls de Tiecken (3rd time)
1953 Comout (commissioner)
1953 Desmet (commissioner)
1953 Nicolas Muller (1st time)
(commissioner)
1953 - Jul 1954 Maurice De Ryck (b. 1900 - d. 1964)
1954 - 1955 Nicolas Muller (2nd time)
(commissioner)
1955 - 1956 G. Schmit (b. 1908)
1956 Nicolas Muller (3rd time)
1956 - 1958 Odon Spitaels
1957 Alphonse De Valkeneer (b. 1898 - d. 1973)
(acting for Spitaels)
1958 - 30 Jun 1960 Alphonse De Valkeneer (s.a.)
President
30 Jun 1960 - 14 Aug 1962 Laurent Eketebi (b. 1936)
Governors (1972-80, commissioners)
25 Apr 1966 - 3 Jan 1967 Léon Engulu
3 Jan 1967 - 9 Aug 1968 Jonas Mukamba (1st time) (b. 1931)
9 Aug 1968 - 12 Mar 1969 Denis Paluku
12 Mar 1969 - 5 Aug 1969 Édouard Bulundwe (b. 1932)
5 Aug 1969 - 23 Dec 1970 Henri-Désiré Takizala
23 Dec 1970 - 19 Mar 1974 Oscar Ngoma (from 1972, Ngoma
Ntoto Bwangi)
19 Mar 1974 - 23 Jun 1975 Mbala Mbabu
23 Jun 1975 - 21 Feb 1978 Loposo Nzela Balombe
21 Jan 1978 - 18 Jan 1980 Namwisi Ma Nkoy
18 Jan 1980 - 27 Aug 1980 Mpambia Musanga Bekaja (1st time)
27 Aug 1980 - 19 Mar 1983 Mukamba Kadiata Nzemba
(= Jonas Mukamba) (2nd time) (s.a.)
19 Mar 1983 - 21 Mar 1984 Kititwa Tumansi Benga Tundu (b. 1929 - d. 2000)
21 Mar 1984 - 1 Jan 1985 Sabi Ngampoub Mubiem (interim)
1 Jan 1985 - 26 Apr 1986 Mpambia Musanga Bekaja (2nd time)
26 Apr 1986 - 20 Jul 1988 Mokolo Matamba Moful (b. ... - d. 1989)
20 Jul 1988 - 11 Jan 1990 Kisanga Kabongelo
12 Jan 1990 - Jun 1990 Fundu Nkota (b. 1943)
1990 - 199. Lwabanji Ngabo Lwasi (interim)
199. - 199. Christian Eleko Botuna (b. 1950 - d. 2007)
*Oct 1997 - Nov 1998* Gabriel Mola Motia
*Jan 2002 - 26 May 2004 Jean-Bertrand Ewanga
26 May 2004 - 24 Feb 2007 Yves Mobando Yogo (b. 1955)
24 Feb 2007 - José Makila Sumanda (b. 1959)
Cuvette Centrale
14 Aug 1962 creation of the province of Cuvette Centrale
25 Apr 1966 part of restored Équateur province
President (from Oct 1965, governor)
Sep 1962 - 25 Apr 1966 Léon Engulu
Moyen-Congo
5 Feb 1963 creation of the province of Moyen-Congo
25 Apr 1966 part of restored Équateur province
Presidents (from 1965, governors)
6 Apr 1963 - Jun 1964 Laurent Eketebi (s.a.)
(de facto from 15 Sep 1962)
Apr 1963 - 30 Jul 1963 Denis Akundji
(president of secessionist province of Bumba)
23 Jun 1964 - 10 Aug 1965 Augustin Engwanda
10 Aug 1965 - 25 Apr 1966 Denis Sakombi (b. 1929 - d. 1985)
Ubangi
14 Aug 1962 creation of the province of Ubangi
25 Apr 1966 part of restored Équateur province
Presidents (from 1965, governors)
Sep 1962 - 20 Jul 1965 Alfred Nzondomyo
20 Jul 1965 - 25 Apr 1966 Michel Denge
Kasaï
1918 Congo-Kasaï/Kongo-Kasaï province established in Belgian Congo
1 Oct 1933 Lusambo province created in reorganization
1947 renamed Kasaï
30 Jun 1960 autonomous province of the Congo republic
14 Aug 1962 division of Kasaï into five new provinces:
Lomami, Luluabourg, Sankuru, Sud-Kasaï, Unité Kasaïenne
25 Apr 1966 Lomami, Sankuru, and Sud-Kasaï are united in the new
province of Kasaï Oriental; Luluabourg and Unité Kasaïenne
unite to form Kasaï Occidental
Deputy governors-general
18 Oct 1918 - 1922 Léon Guilain Bureau (b. 1869 - d. 1944)
1922 - 1925 Alphonse Engels (b. 1880 - d. 1962)
Governors and deputy governors-general
1925 - 19 Jun 1929 Alphonse Engels (s.a.)
19 Jun 1929 - 5 Jan 1932 Beernaert
17 Aug 1932 - 30 Sep 1933 Paul Ermens
Commissioners
1 Oct 1933 - 1940 Constant Wauters
1940 - 1941 R. Wenner
Governors
1941 - 7 Feb 1945 R. Wenner
7 Feb 1945 - 21 Sep 1945 R.P. Preys
21 Sep 1945 - 19 Jul 1948 Hofkens
19 Jul 1948 - 11 Apr 1952 Firmin Peigneux
11 Apr 1952 - 1955 R. Le Bussy
1955 - 22 Jun 1958 Lamborelle
22 Jun 1958 - 11 Jun 1960 De Jaegher (b. 1908 - d. 1973)
Presidents
11 Jun 1960 - Dec 1961 Barthélemy Mukenge (1st time)
Jan 1962 - May 1962 André Lubaya (b. ... - d. 1968)
9 Jun 1962 - 14 Aug 1962 Barthélemy Mukenge (2nd time)
Lomami
14 Aug 1962 province separated from Kasaï
25 Apr 1966 part of new province of Kasaï Oriental
President (from 1965, governors)
15 Sep 1962 - Apr 1966 Dominique Manono
18 Apr 1966 - 25 Apr 1966 Jean Marie Kikalanga
Luluabourg
14 Aug 1962 province separated from Kasaï
25 Apr 1966 part of new province of Kasaï Occidental
Presidents (from 1965, governors)
Sep 1962 - Sep 1963 François Luakabwanga (1st time)
Sep 1963 - 25 Sep 1964 André Lubaya (b. ... - d. 1968)
25 Sep 1964 - Dec 1965 François Luakabwanga (2nd time)
Jan 1966 - 18 Apr 1966 Constantin Tshilumba
18 Apr 1966 - 25 Apr 1966 François Luakabwanga (3rd time)
Sankuru
14 Aug 1962 province separated from Kasaï
25 Apr 1966 part of new province of Kasaï Oriental
Presidents (from 1965, governors)
14 Sep 1962 - Dec 1963 André Diumasumbu
Jan 1963 - Apr 1963 Athanase Ndjadi (in rebellion)
27 Dec 1963 - Jun 1965 Paul Marcel Sumbu
Jun 1965 - 27 Jan 1966 Benoît Wetshindjadi
18 Apr 1966 - 25 Apr 1966 Étienne Kihuyu
Sud-Kasaï
14 Jun 1960 the Luba-Kasaï declare their independence of the
province of Kasaï (not of Congo) and proclaim the
Federal State of Sud-Kasaï
9 Aug 1960 proclamation of the autonomous État Minier du Sud-Kasaï
30 Dec 1961 reconquest of the region by the central government
14 Aug 1962 creation of the province of Sud-Kasaï
25 Apr 1966 part of new province of Kasaï Oriental
President
9 Aug 1960 - 12 Apr 1961 Albert Kalonji (b. 1929)
(in Katanga exile 25 Aug - 29 Aug/3 Sep 1960)
King¹
12 Apr 1961 - 14 Jul 1961² Albert I Kalonji (s.a.)
Special commissioner
Aug 1962 - Oct 1962 Sébastien Ikolo
Presidents (from 1965, governors)
12 Oct 1962 - Jul 1965 Joseph Ngalula (b. 1928)
Aug 1965 - 25 Apr 1966 Jonas Mukamba (b. 1931)
Prime minister
14 Jun 1960 - 12 Apr 1961 Joseph Ngalula (s.a.)
¹On 12 Apr 1961 Kalonji assembled notables and they proclaimed Kalonji's father, Edmond Mukanya Mulenda (d. 1969), as mulopwe, the traditional Luba royal style. The new mulopwe immediately abdicated in favour of Albert.
²Kalonji was arrested 30 Dec 1961 but escaped 7 Sep 1962 and set up a new government that was terminated 1 Oct 1962.
Mwene Ditu
1962 territory of Mwene Ditu is intended to become part of the
new province of Sud-Kasaï, but as parts of its population
want to join other provinces, it is decided to hold a
plebiscite and until that time the territory is neutralized
and governed separately by special administrators
19 Apr 1965 plebiscite decides in favour of Lualaba province; this is
not recognized by Sud-Kasaï and unrest follows; as a
consequence a state of emergency is proclaimed and a
commissioner of the republic takes over
11 Feb 1966 an agreement is reached between the two provinces and
Lualaba gives up its claims
18 Feb 1966 territory formally annexed to Sud-Kasaï
Special administrators
18 Dec 1962 - 30 Apr 1965 Daniel Ilonga
Apr 1965 - 7 May 1965 Antoine Panzout
7 May 1965 - 15 Sep 1965 Louis Abdala
Commissioner of the republic
15 Sep 1965 - 18 Feb 1966 Michel Ndju
Unité Kasaïenne
14 Aug 1962 province separated from Kasaï
25 Apr 1966 part of new province of Kasaï Occidental
Presidents (from 1965, governors)
Sep 1962 - Dec 1963 Grégoire Kamanga
Jan 1964 - Dec 1965 François Minga Mbengele
Jan 1966 - 25 Apr 1966 Robert William Mbombo
Kasaï Occidental
Governors (1972-80, commissioners)
25 Apr 1966 - 3 Jan 1967 François Luakabwanga
3 Jan 1967 - 9 Aug 1968 Paul Muhona
9 Aug 1968 - 23 Dec 1970 André William Ntikala
23 Dec 1970 - 24 Feb 1972 Daniel Monguya Mbenge
24 Feb 1972 - 19 Mar 1974 Henri-Désiré Takizala
19 Mar 1974 - 10 Feb 1976 Ngoma Ntoto Bwangi
10 Feb 1976 - 20 Oct 1976 Ndebo-a-Kanda-di-Ne Kenza
7 May 1977 - 21 Jan 1978 Mpika Masamba Ngolomiso
21 Jan 1978 - 18 Jan 1980 Konde Vila Kikanda
18 Jan 1980 - 27 Aug 1980 Kamakanda N'koma
27 Aug 1980 - 19 Mar 1983 Kyembwa wa Lumona
19 Mar 1983 - 1 Jan 1985 Zamundu Angenong'Ka
1 Jan 1985 - 19.. Bangala Basila
19.. - 19.. Mpambia Musanga Bekaja
19.. - 19.. Janvier Tshibuabua Kapya (b. c.1953)
*Oct 1997 - 1999 Pascal Tshitoka Ngalamulume
1999 - Apr 2006 Claudel Lubaya
Apr 2006 - 16 Oct 2006 Gilbert Tshiongo Tshibinkubula
wa Ntumba
16 Oct 2006 - 16 Mar 2007 Mutombo Bakafwa Nsenda
16 Mar 2007 - Trésor Kapuku Ngoy
Jun 2007 - Aug 2007 Hubert Mbingho (acting)
Kasaï Oriental
Governors (1972-80, commissioners)
25 Apr 1966 - 3 Jan 1967 Jonas Mukamba (s.a.)
3 Jan 1967 - 9 Aug 1968 Henri-Désiré Takizala
9 Aug 1968 - 23 Dec 1970 Bernard Ndebo
23 Dec 1970 - 9 Jul 1971 André William Ntikala
9 Jul 1971 - 24 Feb 1972 Derikoye Tite Avungara
24 Feb 1972 - 15 Jul 1972 Boji Ntole
15 Jul 1972 - 19 Mar 1974 Mozagba Ngbuka
19 Mar 1974 - 10 Feb 1976 Matabisi Iyualeke Ilande
10 Feb 1976 - 21 Jan 1978 Kyalwe Mihambo
21 Jan 1978 - 18 Jan 1980 Kamakanda N'koma
18 Jan 1980 - 10 Oct 1981 Efambe Ey'Olanga
10 Oct 1981 - 19 Mar 1983 Zamundu Agenong'Ka
19 Mar 1983 - 1 Jan 1985 Duga Kugbe Toro
1 Jan 1985 - 10 Mar 1985 Konde Vila Kikanda
10 Mar 1985 - 19.. Mananga Di Toka Polo
19.. - 19.. Bangala Basila
19.. - 19.. Bashala Kantu wa Milandu
19.. - 19.. Kakule Mbayingana
19.. - 19.. Dikonda wa Lumanyisha
*Oct 1997* Mbuyi Molomba
27 Nov 1997 - Jan 1999* Omer Kamba
... - ... Mbala Muana
15 Mar 1999 - 1999 Jean-Charles Okoto
... - Mar 2001 Paul Kabongo
Mar 2001 - 26 Nov 2001 ...
26 Nov 2001 - 26 May 2004 Jean-Marie Mbala
26 May 2004 - 16 Mar 2007 Dominique Kanku (b. 1963)
16 Mar 2007 - Alphonse Ngoy Kasanji
Katanga
15 Apr 1891 the administration of the Katangese areas conquered by
the Congo Free State is entrusted to the Compagnie du
Katanga; no effective administration is set up
19 Jun 1900 Katanga is entrusted to the Comité Spécial du Katanga,
an administration totally separated from that of the Congo
is set up
1 Sep 1910 Katanga is integrated in the Belgian Congo but retains a
large measure of autonomy
1 Oct 1933 autonomy abrogated; province of Elisabethville/Elisabethstad
1947 renamed Katanga
30 Jun 1960 autonomous province of the Congo republic
11 Jul 1960 proclamation of the independent State of Katanga
Nov 1961 conquest of northern Katanga by the central government;
organization of the province of Nord-Katanga
21 Jan 1963 conquest of the remaining parts of Katanga and division of
the territory into two provinces: Lualaba and Katanga Oriental
28 Dec 1966 reconstruction of the province of Katanga (1971-97: Shaba)
Administrator of the Compagnie du Katanga
Apr 1891 - 19 Jun 1900 Albert Jean-Baptiste Thys (b. 1849 - d. 1915)
Chairman of the Comité Spécial du Katanga
Jun 1900 - 1929 Hubert Droogmans (b. 1858 - d. 1938)
Representatives of the CSK in Katanga (governors)
1900 - 14 Jan 1903 Auguste Weyns (b. 1854 - d. 1944)
14 Jan 1903 - 1906 Léon Tonneau (1st time) (b. 1863 - d. 1919)
26 Jul 1906 - 1908 Émile Wangermée (1st time) (b. 1855 - d. 1924)
1908 - Sep 1909 Léon Tonneau (2nd time) (s.a.)
1909 - 1 Sep 1910 Émile Wangermée (2nd time) (s.a.)
Governors and deputy governors-general
1 Sep 1910 - 21 Mar 1917 Emile Wangermée (s.a.)
22 Mar 1917 - 2 Sep 1920 Charles Henry Marie Ernest,
baron Tombeur de Tabora (b. 1867 - d. 1947)
1921 - 23 Dec 1923 Martin Rutten (b. 1876 - d. 1944)
Dec 1923 - 21 Jan 1928 Léon Guilain Bureau (b. 1869 - d. 1944)
5 May 1928 - Sep 1931 Gaston Heenen (1st time) (b. 1880 - d. 1963)
Sep 1931 - Jan 1932 Louis Joseph Postiaux (b. 1882 - d. 1948)
Jan 1932 - 23 Sep 1933 Gaston Heenen (2nd time) (s.a.)
Commissioner
1933 - 1941 Amour Maron (b. 1891 - d. 1948)
Governors
1941 - 1946 Amour Maron (s.a.)
1946 - 19.. ...
19.. - 19.. René Wauthion
19.. - 1960 André Schöller (b. 1908 - d. 19...)
(also deputy governor-general)
President
16 Jun 1960 - 12 Jan 1963 Moise Tshombe (b. 1919 - d. 1969)
(president of the Provisional Government
11 Jul - 8 Aug 1960)
26 Apr 1961 - 22 Jun 1961 Godefroid Munongo (b. 1925 - d. 1992)
+ Jean-Baptiste Kibwe (b. 1924)
+ Joseph Kiwele (b. ... - d. 1961)
(acting for imprisoned Tshombe)
Katanga Oriental
8 Jul 1963 after the formation of the provinces of Nord-Katanga
and Lualaba the remaining part of Katanga is reorganized
as the new province of Katanga Oriental
24 Apr 1966 united with Lualaba to form Sud-Katanga
Presidents (from 1965, governors)
13 Aug 1963 - 20 Jul 1965 Édouard Bulundwe (b. 1932)
20 Jul 1965 - 24 Apr 1966 Godefroid Munongo (s.a.)
Lualaba
30 Jun 1963 province of Lualaba separated from Katanga
24 Apr 1966 united with Katanga Oriental to form Sud-Katanga
President (from 1965, governor)
23 Sep 1963 - 24 Apr 1966 Dominique Diur (b. 1929)
Nord-Katanga
20 Oct 1960 rebellion of the Luba-Katanga people against the state of
Katanga and proclamation of the province of Lualaba in
northern Katanga
31 Mar 1961 reconquest of northern Katanga by the State of Katanga
Nov 1961 reconquest of northern Katanga by the central government
11 Jul 1962 proclamation of the province of Nord-Katanga
5 Nov 1966 administration taken over by the central government
28 Dec 1966 part of restored province of Katanga
Presidents (from 1965, governors)
20 Oct 1960 - Mar 1961 Prosper Mwamba-Ilunga (1st time)
11 Sep 1962 - 27 Sep 1963 Prosper Mwamba-Ilunga (2nd time)
27 Sep 1963 - 15 Mar 1964 Jason Sendwe (1st time) (b. 1917 - d. 1964)
15 Mar 1964 - 21 Apr 1964 Fortunat Kabange Numbi (b. 1934 - d. 1964)
21 Apr 1964 - 18 Jun 1964 Jason Sendwe (2nd time) (s.a.)
22 Jun 1964 - Jul 1964 Ildephonse Masengo (b. c.1935 - d. 1969)
(head of a provisional government for the whole Katanga
province, in fact the territories occupied by the forces
of the People's Republic)
22 Jul 1965 - 5 Nov 1966 Henri Ndala Kambola
(administrator since Aug 1964?)
Sud-Katanga
24 Apr 1966 Katanga Oriental and Lualaba united to form Sud-Katanga
5 Nov 1966 administration by central government
28 Dec 1966 part of restored province of Katanga
Governor
24 Apr 1966 - 5 Nov 1966 Godefroid Munongo (s.a.)
Union Minière du Haut Katanga (de facto rulers)
28 Oct 1906 creation of the Union Minière du Haut Katanga, entrusted
by the Congo Free State with the exploitation of the mineral
resources of Katanga
31 Dec 1966 activities and belongings of the UMHK taken over by
Congolese government
Chairmen of the Union Minière du Haut Katanga (in Brussels)
1906 - 1913 Ferdinand, baron Baeyens (b. 1837 - d. 1914)
1913 - 1932 Jean Jadot (b. 1862 - d. 1932)
1932 - 1939 Félicien Cattier (1st time) (b. 1869 - d. 1946)
1939 - 1944 Alexandre Galopin (b. 1879 - d. 1944)
1944 Félicien Cattier (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
1944 - 1947 Firmin Van Bree (b. 1880 - d. 1960)
1947 - 1955 Gaston Blaise
1955 - 1963 Paul Gillet
1963 - 1965 Edgar Van Der Straeten
1966 Louis Wallef
Directors of the Union Minière du Haut Katanga (in Africa)
1910 - 1912 Eugène Halewijck (b. 1866 - d. 1940)
1913 - 1917 Preston H. Horner
1918 - 1919 Edgar Sengier (b. 1879 - d. 1963)
1920 - 1922 Jules Cousin (b. 1884 - d. 1965)
1923 - 1927 Léon Rasson (b. 1875 - d. 1932)
1927 - 1929 Joseph De Mulder
1931 Henry Barzin (b. 1881 - d. 1971)
1932 Gaston Deladrière
1933 - 1936 Henri Heymans (b. 1883 - d. 1936)
1936 - 1945 Aimé Marthoz (b. 1894 - d. 1962)
1946 - 1950 Louis Wallef
1951 - 1957 Maurice Van Weyenbergh
1958 - 1966 Gérard Assoignon
Katanga from 1967
Governors (1972-80, commissioners)
3 Jan 1967 - Aug 1967 Jean Foster Manzikala
1967 Masiala Kinkela
1967 - 1968 Denis Paluku
1968 - 1970 Léon Engulu
1970 - 1972 Henri-Désiré Takizala
1972 - 1973 Daniel Monguya Mbenge
1973 - 1975 Duga Kugbe Toro (1st time)
1975 - 1977 Assumani Busanya Lukili
1977 - 1978 Efambe Ey'Olanga
1978 - 1980 Alexandre Singa Boyenge Mosambayi
1980 - Jan 1985 Mandungu Bula Nyati (b. 1934 - d. 2000)
Jan 1985 - 1986 Duga Kugbe Toro (2nd time)
1986 - 1990 Koyagialo Ngbase te Gerengbo
May 1990 - Nov 1991 Bonaventure Konde Vila Kikanda
1991 - Apr 1995 Gabriel Kyungu wa Kumwanza
(1st time)
1995 - 1997 Benjamin Thadée Ngoie Mulume
Mar 1997 - Apr 1997 Gabriel Kyungu wa Kumwanza
(2nd time)
Apr 1997 - Apr 1998 Gaetan Kakudji
Apr 1998 - Apr 2001 Augustin Katumba Mwanke
Apr 2001 - Nov 2001 Jacques Muyumba (interim)
26 Nov 2001 - May 2004 Aimé Ngoy Mukena Lusa
26 May 2004 - 24 Feb 2007 Urbain Kisula Ngoy (b. 1940)
24 Feb 2007 - Moïse Katumbi Chapwe (b. 1964)
Kinshasa
1 Oct 1933 Léopoldville/Leopoldstad province created in Belgian Congo
30 Jun 1960 autonomous province of the Congo republic
14 Aug 1962 province divided into four new provinces:
Congo Central, Kwango, Kwilu, Mai-Ndombe
25 Apr 1966 Kwango, Kwilu, and Mai-Ndombe united in the new province
of Bandundu; Léopoldville city separated from Congo Central
Commissioner
1933 - 1941 Albert Emile Beauffort
Governors
1941 - 1943 Albert Emile Beauffort
1943 - 1945 Marcel Maquet (b. 1891 - d. 1964)
1945 - 19.. ...
19.. - 19.. Babilon
19.. - 1960 Alain Stenmans
Presidents
11 Jun 1960 - 29 Jun 1960 Gaston Diomi (b. 1922 - d. 19...)
(president of secessionist Congo province)
18 Jun 1960 - 12 Feb 1962 Cléophas Kamitatu (b. 1931)
20 Jun 1960 - 1960 Gaston Midu
(president of secessionist Nord-Kwilu province)
12 Feb 1962 - 14 Aug 1962 Gaston Diomi (s.a.)
Bas-Congo
14 Aug 1962 Congo Central province created out of Léopoldville province
27 Oct 1971 renamed Bas-Zaïre
1997 renamed Bas-Congo
President (from 1965, governors; 1972-80, commissioners)
6 Sep 1962 - 1966 Vital Faustin Moanda (b. 1923 - d. ...)
1966 - 1967 Denis Paluku
1967 - 1968 François Luakabwanga
1968 - 1969 Bruno Ndala
1969 - 1970 Anaclet Kaniki
1970 - 1972 Marcel Derikoye Tita Ngindu
1972 Dieudonné Boji
17 Jul 1972 - 21 May 1975 Catherine Nzuzi wa Mbombo (f) (b. 1944)
1975 - 1976 Loposo Nzela Balombe
1976 - 1977 Efambe Ey'Olanga
1977 - 1978 Ilunga Mubabinge Mukala
1978 - 1980 Tshiamala Tshingombe
1980 Makolo Jibikilayi (1st time)
1981 Zamundu Agenong'Ka
1981 - 1983 Malumba Mbangula
1983 - 1986 Makolo Jibikilayi (2nd time)
1986 - 1988 Tshala Mwana
1988 - 1989 Kakule Mbayingana
1989 - 1990 Mpambia Musanga Bekaja
1990 - 1991 Timothée Moleka Nzulama (b. 1955?)
1991 - 1997 Bieya Mbaki (b. ... - d. 1997)
199. - 1997 Mvuma Ngeti (acting for Mbaki)
1997 Mvuma Ngeti (interim)
1997 (4 days) Joseph Mbenza Thubi
1997 (1 month) Liwanga Mata Nyamunyobo
*Oct 1997 - 1998 Léonard Fuka Unzola (b. 1935)
1999 - Jun 2001* Séraphin Bavuidi Babingi (b. 1946)
*Oct 2001 - 16 Oct 2006 César Tsasa-di-Ntumba (b. 1945? - d. 2008)
(interim for 4 months in 2001)
16 Oct 2006 - 24 Feb 2007 Jacques Mbadu
24 Feb 2007 - Simon Mbatshi Batshia (b. 1949)
Kwango
14 Aug 1962 Kwango province created out of Léopoldville province
25 Apr 1966 part of new province of Bandundu
Presidents (from 1965, governors)
23 Sep 1962 - 11 Nov 1962 Albert Delvaux (b. 1918 - d. ...)
Nov 1962 Emmanuel Mayamba
1962 - Apr 1963 Alphonse Pashi
Aug 1963 - Apr 1964 Pierre Masikita (1st time)
Apr 1964 - 30 Sep 1964 Belunda Kavunzu
30 Sep 1964 - 24 Aug 1965 Joseph Kulumba
24 Aug 1965 - 25 Apr 1966 Pierre Masikita (2nd time)
Kwilu
14 Aug 1962 province of Kwilu created out of Léopoldville province
18 Jan 1964 administration taken over by central government due to
rebellion in southwestern Congo; rebel administration in
most of Kwilu province from Jan 1964; reconquest by the
legal government in Jun 1965
18 Jan 1966 provincial government restored
25 Apr 1966 part of new province of Bandundu
President
8 Sep 1962 - 18 Jan 1964 Norbert Leta
Jan 1964 - Nov 1964 Pierre Mulele (b. 1929 - d. 1968)
(commander-in-chief and Head of the General Direction)
Governor
18 Jan 1966 - 25 Apr 1966 Henri-Désiré Takizala
Mai-Ndombe
14 Aug 1962 Mai-Ndombe province created out of Léopoldville province
25 Apr 1966 part of new province of Bandundu
Presidents (from 1965, governors)
8 Sep 1962 - Dec 1963 Victor Kumoriko
23 Sep 1963 - 11 Oct 1963 V. Bola (in rebellion)
Jan 1964 - Dec 1964 Gabriël Zangabie
1964 - 1965 ...
27 Jul 1965 - 25 Apr 1966 Daniël Mongiya
Bandundu
Governors (1972-80, commissioners)
25 Apr 1966 - 3 Jan 1967 Henri-Désiré Takizala
3 Jan 1967 - 19.. François Luakabwanga
*1976* Kabangu Lunyanya
19.. - Jan 1985 ...
Jan 1985 - 198. Sambia Gere Danu
1988 - 1990 Guillaume Samba Kaputo (b. 1946 - d. 2007)
1990 - 1997 ...
1997 - 26 Nov 2001 Marc Katshunga
26 Nov 2001 - 2003 Kidinda Shandungo
*Oct 2003* Oscar Bala
26 May 2004 - 10 Dec 2005 Sabin Sadiboko
10 Dec 2005 - 13 Jan 2006 Guy Kunza
13 Jan 2006 - 16 Oct 2006 Gérard Gifuza
16 Oct 2006 - 16 Mar 2007 Édouard Wenzi Wakoyula
16 Mar 2007 - Richard Ndambu Wolang (b. 1952)
Kinshasa
1 Jul 1966 Léopoldville renamed Kinshasa
Governors
1966 - 196. Cléophas Kamitatu (b. 1931)
*1969* Bangala
1970 - 1974 Ndjoku Eyobaba (b. 1924? - d. 2007)
*1980* Kisombe Kiaku Muisi
Oct 1981 - Mar 1983 Sakombi Ekope (b. 1929 - d. 1985)
1983 - 1985 ...
Jan 1985 - 198. Tshimbombo Mukuna
1986 - 198. Catherine Nzuzi wa Mbombo (f) (b. 1944)
1989 Timothée Moleka Nzulama (b. 1955?)
1989 - 1994 ...
1994 - 1997 Bernardin Mungul Diaka (b. 1933 - d. 1999)
1997 - Mar 2001 Théophile Mbemba Fundu
May 2001 - 26 Nov 2001 Christophe Muzungu (interim)
26 Nov 2001 - Jun 2002 Loka ne Kongo
Jun 2002 - 26 May 2004 David Nku Imbie
26 May 2004 - 15 Nov 2005 Jean Kimbunda (b. 1961)
15 Nov 2005 - 16 Oct 2006 Kimbembe Mazunga
16 Oct 2006 - 16 Mar 2007 Liwanga Mata Nyamunyobo
16 Mar 2007 - André Kimbuta Yango (b. 1952)
Kivu
1 Oct 1933 province of Costermansville/Costermansstad created in
Belgian Congo
1947 renamed Kivu
30 Jun 1960 autonomous province of the Congo republic
10 May 1962 administration taken over by the central government and
creation of the separate provinces of Maniema and Nord-Kivu
28 Dec 1966 province reunited
1988 divided into Maniema, Nord-Kivu, and Sud-Kivu
Commissioners
1933 - 1935 Georges Mortehan
1935 - 1941 Joseph Noirot
Governors
1941 - 1945 Joseph Noirot
*1955* René Brasseur
1957 - 19.. Maurice Willaert (b. 1910 - d. 2003)
Presidents
11 Jun 1960 - 24 Dec 1960 Jean Miruho (1st time)
26 Jun 1960 - Jul 1960 Clément Walubali
(president of the secessionist province of Maniema)
2 Jan 1961 - 24 Feb 1961 Anicet Kashamura (b. 1928)
1961 - ... Antoine Omari
(president of the secessionist State of Maniema,
sponsored by the State of Katanga)
24 Feb 1961 - 11 Aug 1961 Taris Adrien Omari (b. 1916)
18 Sep 1961 - 10 May 1962 Jean Miruho (2nd time)
Governors (1972-80, commissioners)
3 Jan 1967 - 19.. Léon Engulu
*1976* Ndebo-a-Kanda-di-Ne Kenza
1980 - 1986 Mwando Simba
1986 - 198. Kilolo Musanga
Maniema
14 Aug 1962 creation of the Maniema province
25 Apr 1966 united with Kivu Central to form Sud-Kivu
1988 Maniema province recreated
Presidents (from 1965, governors)
12 Sep 1962 - 1962 Ignace Kanga
5 Nov 1962 - 19 Sep 1963 Hilaire Kisanga
1963 - 1964 ...
22 Jun 1964 - 21 Jul 1964 Joseph Tshomba-Fariala (1st time)
24 Jul 1964 - 5 Oct 1964 Charles Malembe (b. 1933)
(governed the territories of the old Kivu province
occupied by the forces of the People's Republic)
1964 - Jan 1966 Joseph Tshomba-Fariala (2nd time)
24 Jan 1966 - 25 Apr 1966 Pascal Luanghy (b. 1917)
1988 - 19.. Tshala Mwana
19.. - 19.. Joseph Bendera
19.. - 19.. Kyembwa wa Lumona
199. - 1996* Omari Lea Sisi
*1997 - Jul 1997 Lokombe Kitete
18 Jul 1997 - 3 Oct 1998 Ramazani Shadari (1st time)
Dec 1998 - 12 Apr 2000 Nestor Kiyimbi (in rebellion)
12 Apr 2000 - 2003 Gertrude Kitembo (f) (b. 1958)
(in rebellion)
*May 2002* Ramazani Shadari (2nd time)
2003 - 26 May 2004 Falay Selenge
26 May 2004 - 16 Mar 2007 Koloso Sumaili
16 Mar 2007 - Didier Manara Linga (b. 1964)
Nord-Kivu
14 Aug 1962 creation of the province of Nord-Kivu
28 Dec 1966 part of restored Kivu province
1988 Nord-Kivu province recreated
Presidents (from 1965, governors)
11 Sep 1962 - 6 Jul 1965 Benezeth Moley (b. 1927)
6 Jul 1965 - 28 Dec 1966 Denis Paluku
19.. - 1991 Basembe Emina
1991 - Aug 1993 Kalumbo Mbogho
Aug 1993 - Nov 1996 Moto Mupenda (interim)
Oct 1996 - 31 Jul 2000 Léonard Kanyamuhanga (b. ... - d. 2000)
(in rebellion to 1997 and from Aug 1998)
23 Sep 1999 - ... Kaisazira Mbaki (in rebellion)
31 Jul 2000 - 24 Feb 2007 Eugène Serufuli Ngayabaseka (b. 1962)
(in rebellion to 16 May 2004)
24 Feb 2007 - Julien Paluku Kahongya (b. 1968)
Kivu Central
18 May 1963 creation of the province of Kivu Central out of the
remaining parts of Kivu province
25 Apr 1966 united with Maniema to form Sud-Kivu
Presidents (from 1965, governors)
16 Jul 1963 - Jul 1964 Simon Malago
Aug 1964 - 25 Apr 1966 Dieudonné Boji
Sud-Kivu
25 Apr 1966 formed by the union of Kivu Central and Maniema
28 Dec 1966 part of restored Kivu province
1988 Sud-Kivu province recreated
Governors
25 Apr 1966 - 28 Dec 1966 Dieudonné Boji
1988 - 1990 Ndala Kasala
1990 - Nov 1991 Dilingi Liwoke La Milengo
1992 - 1997 Kyembwa wa Lumona
Jun 1997 - Oct 1998 Jean-Charles Magabe (b. ... - d. 1999)
Oct 1998 - 10 Jun 2002 Norbert Basengezi Katintima
(in rebellion)
*May 2002* Musamba Mondero
10 Jun 2002 - 26 Jan 2003 Patient Mwendanga
(in rebellion)
26 Jan 2003 - 26 May 2004 Xavier Ciribanya Cirimwami
(suspended from 7 Feb 2004)
(in rebellion)
*Oct 2003* Fumi Tambwe
7 Feb 2004 - 26 May 2004 Jean-Pierre Mazambi (interim)
26 May 2004 - 10 Nov 2005 Augustin Bulaimu
(suspended from 25 Apr 2005)
25 Apr 2005 - 10 Nov 2005 Alimasi Ndomba Pauni (interim)
10 Nov 2005 - 24 Feb 2007 Bu Amba Amba Déogracias
24 Feb 2007 - Célestin Cibalonza Byaterana (b. 1964)
Nov 2007 - Bernard Watunakanza (acting)
Orientale
3 Nov 1913 Orientale/Oost province created in Belgian Congo
1933 Stanleyville/Stanleystad province created in reorganization
1947 renamed Orientale/Oost
30 Jun 1960 autonomous province of the Congo republic
27 Jul 1962 administration taken over by the central government and
separation of the new provinces of Kibali-Ituri and Uele
27 Mar 1963 the remaining part of the Orientale province is reorganized
as the new province of Haut-Congo
1964 Orientale province is reconstituted de jure by the
rebel government of the People's Republic of Congo
28 Dec 1966 reunification of Orientale province
27 Oct 1971 renamed Haut-Zaïre
1997 renamed Haut-Congo
... renamed Orientale
Deputy governors-general
1913 - 1917 Justin Malfeyt (b. 1862 - d. 1924)
1917 - 1925 Adolphe De Meulemeester (b. 1870 - d. 1944)
Governors and deputy governors-general
1925 - 1926 Adolphe De Meulemeester (s.a.)
1926 - 1933 Alfred Alphonse Moeller
Commissioners
1933 - 1940 Rodolphe Dufour
1940 - 1941 Marcel Maquet (b. 1891 - d. 1964)
Governors
1941 - 1943 Marcel Maquet (s.a.)
1943 - 1945 Alexis Bertrand
19.. - 19.. Ernest Bock
*1959* Pierre Leroy
Presidents
11 Jun 1960 - 11 Oct 1960 Jean-Pierre Finant (b. ... - d. 1961)
1960 - Dec 1960 Charles Badjoko
Dec 1960 - 25 Oct 1961 Jean Foster Manzikala
Oct 1961 - 27 Jul 1962 Simon Losala
Head of the Revolutionary Government
Aug 1964 - 23 Aug 1964 Alphonse Kinga
Head of the Executive Council
1 Sep 1964 - Nov 1964 François Sabiti
Governors (1972-80, commissioners)
3 Jan 1967 - 19.. Vital Faustin Moanda (b. 1923 - d. ...)
19.. - Dec 1970 Édouard Bulundwe (b. 1932)
*1975* Assumani Busanya Lukili
*1976* Konde Vila Kikanda
Jan 1985 - 19.. Salumu Amisi
1990 - 1991 Guillaume Samba Kaputo (b. 1946 - d. 2007)
199. - 1997 Lombeya Bosongo
1997 - 23 Aug 1998 Jean Yagi Sitolo
Dec 1998 - Jul 2000 Théo Baruti (1st time)
(in rebellion)
Jul 2000 - Apr 2001* Justin Yogba (in rebellion)
*May 2002* Noël Obotela Rashidi
*May 2002 - Oct 2003* Jean-Pierre Bilusa
(in rebellion)
26 May 2004 - 15 Nov 2005 Théo Baruti (2nd time)
15 Nov 2005 - 24 Feb 2007 Jean-Pierre Lola Kisanga
24 Feb 2007 - Médard Autsai Asenga (b. 1942)
Kibali-Ituri
14 Aug 1962 province of Kibali-Ituri separated from Orientale province
28 Dec 1966 part of restored Orientale province
President (from 1965, governor)
Sep 1962 - 28 Dec 1966 Jean Foster Manzikala
Uele
14 Aug 1962 province of Uele separated from Orientale province
28 Dec 1966 part of restored Orientale province
Presidents (from 1965, governors)
11 Sep 1962 - May 1965 Paul Mambaya
6 Jul 1965 - 28 Dec 1966 François Kupa
Haut-Congo
27 Mar 1963 after the formation of the Kibali-Ituri and Uele provinces
the remaining part of Orientale province is reorganized as
the new Haut-Congo province
5 Nov 1966 administration taken over by the central government
28 Dec 1966 part of restored Orientale province
Presidents (from 1965, governor)
Jun 1963 - 26 Jun 1963 Georges Grenfell (b. 1908)
26 Jun 1963 - 1964 Paul Isombuma
1964 - Aug 1964 François Aradjabu
Aug 1964 - 5 Nov 1966 Jean Marie Alamazani